PRESIDENTS’ QUIZ

Some of you have been requesting a quiz. So, here it is. You know the drill.  No peeking at the internet.  No asking “Alexa” or “Siri.”  Good luck.

  1. Upon his inauguration Donald Trump will become president # (a) 42, (b) 43, (c) 45, (d) 47.
  2. Who was the only president to serve in both WW1 and WW2?  (a) Harry Truman, (b) Dwight Eisenhower, (c) Douglas MacArthur, (d) John F. Kennedy
  3.  Each of the following served as generals in the US Army, EXCEPT: (a) Theodore Roosevelt, (b) Franklyn Pierce, (c) Benjamin Harrison, (d) Andrew Johnson.  Bonus – There were 12 in total.  How many can you name?  See below.
  4. Only two presidents are buried in Arlington National Cemetery, JFK and who else? (a) Eisenhower, (b) Jackson, (c) Taft, (d) Teddy Roosevelt.
  5. Donald Trump will be the second president to serve two terms non-consecutively. Who was the other? (a) Grover Cleveland, (b) James Buchanan, (c) Teddy Roosevelt, (d) Chester A. Arthur.
  6. What was Lady Bird Johnson’s real first name? (a) Eugenia, (b) Claudia, (c) Alice, (d) Mary
  7.  Who is the longest-lived former president?  (a) George Washington, (b) George HW Bush, (c) Jimmy Carter, (d) Ronald Reagan
  8.  Who was the oldest president on his inauguration date? (a) Jimmy Carter, (b) Ronald Reagan, (c) George HW Bush, (d) Joe Biden
  9. Who was the only president who never got married? (a) Andrew Johnson, (b) Warren Harding, (c) James Buchanan, (d) John Quincy Adams.
  10. Who is the only president to have also served as Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court? (a) Woodrow Wilson, (b) James A. Garfield, (c) Benjamin Harrison, (d) William Howard Taft
  11.  Who was the first president for whom “Hail to the Chief” was played? (a) John Tyler, (b) George Washington, (c) Andrew Jackson, (d) FDR.
  12.  Which president’s wife was the first to be dubbed “First Lady?” (a) John Adams, (b) Thomas Jefferson, (c) James Madison, (d) James Polk
  13. Who was the only president to serve in both the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812? (a) James Monroe, (b) John Quincy Adams, (c) Andrew Jackson, (d) John Tyler.
  14.  Who was the only president to serve as president and vice president without being elected to either office? (a) Gerald Ford, (b) John Adams, (c) James Monroe, (d) Martin Van Buren
  15.  Who was the first president to live in the White House? (a) George Washington, (b) John Adams, (c) Thomas Jefferson, (d) James Madison
  16. Who was the shortest president? (a) John Adams, (b) James Monroe, (c) James Madison, (d) John Quincy Adams.
  17.  Who was the first president to be born an American citizen? (a) Andrew Jackson, (b) George Washington, (c) James Buchanan, (d) Martin Van Buren
  18.  Who had the shortest tenure as president? (a) James K. Polk, (b) William Henry Harrison, (c) Rutherford B. Hayes, (d) Samuel Tilden
  19.  Who was known as “Old Kinderhook?” (a) Franklyn Pierce, (b) Chester A. Arthur, (c) John Tyler, (d) Martin Van Buren.
  20.  How many presidents have died in office? (a) 6, (b) 8, (c) 10, (d) 4
  21.  How many presidents were elected despite having lost the popular vote? (a) 4, (b) 5, (c) 6, (d) 8.
  22.  FDR won four terms as president.  How many VPs did he have? (a) 1, (b) 2, (c) 3, (d) 4.
  23. Who was president during the War of 1812? (a) James Madison; (b) John Adams; (c) Thomas Jefferson; (d) Andrew Jackson
  24. Which state is the birthplace of the most presidents? (a) NY; (b) Ohio; (c) PA; (d) Virginia
  25. Which of the following presidents’ faces is NOT carved on Mt. Rushmore? (a) Thomas Jefferson; (b) Teddy Roosevelt; (c) FDR; (d) George Washington

ANSWERS: 1. (d); 2. (b); 3. (a); [ Washington, Jackson, Zachary Taylor, Franklyn Pierce, Andrew Johnson, US Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, William Henry Harrison, James Garfield, Chester A. Arthur, Benjamin Harrison, Eisenhower] 4. c;  5. (a);  6. (b);  7. (c) (100 and counting);  8. (d) (Biden,78);  9. c;  10. d;  11. (a);  12. (c) (President Zachary Taylor referred to Dolley Madison as “First Lady” when he eulogized her at her funeral.)  13. (c);  14. (a);  15. (b);  16. (c) (5′ 4″); 17. (d);  18. (b) (32 days); 19. (d) (That was the derivation of “okay” or “OK”);  20. (b); 21. (b) ( John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Benjamin Harrison, George W. Bush, Donald Trump – 2016); 22. (c) (John Nance Garner, Henry A. Wallace, Harry S. Truman); 23. (a); 24. (d) (8); 25. (c)

Well, there you have it. How did you do?

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JFK ASSASSINATION

Few people in history are so recognizable that with the mere mention of their initials one instantly knows about whom you are talking. Such is the case with John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States. He flashed across our lives like a comet, brilliant but brief. He was only president for 1,000 days before he was assassinated, yet, even today, people remember him and recognize his name.

Friday, November 22, will mark the 61st anniversary of his assassination. Almost anyone over the age of 70 remembers vividly where they were and what they were doing when they first heard of it. For example, I, a freshman in college, was walking to a history class. (Yes, I did attend classes, even on a Friday afternoon.) I heard some other students talking about the President having been shot. I wasn’t sure I had heard correctly, but unfortunately, I had.

What was strange about the whole incident was the lack of reliable information. It wasn’t like today when news is known and disseminated instantaneously. It might be hard for you youngsters to believe, but there was no Facebook, no Twitter, no cell phones, no internet. Even computers were in their infancy.

Communication between New York, where, at the time, all media communications were centered, and Dallas was sketchy. Even worse, Dealey Square, the site of the assassination, was not close to the addresses of the network news’ Dallas offices. Reporters on the scene had to communicate by public telephone, when they could find one. Often, competing reporters ended up sharing telephones. At first, information was incomplete and contradictory.

Eventually, however, we found out the horrible news. No one will ever forget the grim look on venerable CBS anchor Walter Cronkite’s face as he removed his glasses, stared into the camera, and told a shocked, confused and scared nation that the President was dead. At the time, Cronkite was generally considered to be “the most trusted man in America.” When we heard it from “Uncle Walter,” we knew it was true.

The purpose of this blog is not to relate the details of the day’s events, nor do I wish to get bogged down in the various conspiracy theories, some of which persist to this day. Many books have been written on the subject, and I can’t possibly cover these topics in a short blog. Suffice to say, it was a surreal experience. Many emotions swirled through my head – disbelief, denial, fear and uncertainty. Who did it? Why? Was it a single gunman or a conspiracy? Was it part of a larger plot? Would we go to war? These and other questions came to mind.

Most everyone was glued to their television sets for days while events played out – Lyndon Johnson sworn in as the 36th President of the US on Airforce 1, Jackie Kennedy standing beside him still in shock and wearing the blood and brain-stained pink suit she had been wearing in the limo (which, she had refused to remove, declaring “I want them to see what they have done”), Lee Harvey Oswald arrested, Oswald shot live on national tv while under police escort (How in the world did Jack Ruby get access to that corridor, anyway?), JKF’s funeral procession, the “riderless” horse, young John Jr’s salute. The assassinations of Martin Luther King and Robert F. Kennedy followed soon after. It was a time of chaos and uncertainty, the end of innocence.

JFK had won the Presidency by the narrowest of margins over Vice President Richard Nixon. He had received 49.7% of the popular vote to Nixon’s 49.5% and won several states by the slimmest of margins. In that relatively primitive era of communications the end result was not known until the next morning. In the wee hours, the networks “called” CA for JFK which finally made him the winner. (Ironically, Nixon ended up winning CA after all the absentee ballots were counted.) Many people, including a 15-year-old girl in Berwick, Pa., caught up in the drama, stayed up all night to await the results.

JFK was young, handsome, bright, vibrant, dynamic, scion of a famous and wealthy family, and a war hero. He and his beautiful, glamorous wife, Jackie, seemed like American royalty to many Americans. He gave us hope and optimism. In the eyes of his supporters, he was the one who would transform America. During his inaugural address he uttered the famous line that symbolized the great hope that he would lead us to “A New Frontier,” as his campaign had promised (“Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”). Unfortunately, today, many people espouse the opposite philosophy.

JFK got off to a rocky start with the Bay of Pigs fiasco. But he seemed to make up for it when he faced down the Russians and Premier Nikita Khrushchev in the Cuban Missile Crisis. Most of us did not realize how close we had come to nuclear war, but in the end, Kennedy won that round and showed he was learning on the job. His administration was dubbed “Camelot” after the description of the mythical King Arthur’s court.

Unfortunately, Kennedy made a lot of powerful enemies. Many Republicans thought he had “stolen” the election (shades of 2020). Indeed, there had been whispers about voting irregularities, notably in Chicago, which had long been notorious for that sort of thing and where for many years it was said, only partly facetiously, that even dead people voted. However, in the end nothing came of that – no media exposes, no court challenges. Yes, times have certainly changed.

Many conservatives thought he was too soft on communism and too aggressive on civil rights issues. He had made powerful enemies among organized crime and at the FBI and CIA, among others. Fidel Castro hated him for the Bay of Pigs attack. On the other hand, many Cuban ex-Pats thought he had betrayed them by failing to intervene militarily to support the invasion when it fell apart. All in all, he had a plethora of powerful enemies with the motive, means, opportunity and funds to plan and execute a Presidential assassination and cover-up. In retrospect, one should not have been surprised.

CONCLUSION

A favorite speculation has been how American and world history would have been different had JFK not been assassinated. Would he have pulled us out of Viet Nam as has been speculated? If so, would there have been an antiwar movement in the 1960’s with the attendant protests, turmoil and violence? Would MLK and RFK still have been assassinated? Would the civil rights movement have progressed differently, more peacefully? We will never know. There have been many books written about this topic, including one by Stephen King called “11/22/63” about a fictional time traveler who journeys back to 1963 to try to prevent the assassination, which makes fascinating “what if” reading.

Virtually the entire country became immersed in the assassination and its aftermath for weeks, if not months. My recollection is that the news networks covered it continuously. A cloud of conspiracy still hangs over the assassination 61 years later. As I said, books have been written and movies produced dealing with the conspiracy theories. Did Oswald act alone? Was he tied to the KGB or the CIA? How did Ruby get close enough to kill Oswald from point-blank range? Was there an accomplice on the grassy knoll? Why was Ruby killed in prison? What of the roles, if any, of mobsters, like Sam Giancana, Head of the Chicago mob, and Carlos Marcello, Head of the New Orleans mob, as well as the CIA, the FBI, the Russians, and/or Castro? Were the Warren Commission’s findings accurate or part of a cover-up?

At this time, as we mark the passage of another anniversary of JFK’s assassination, we are reminded that these issues, and others, have still not been resolved to many Americans’ satisfaction. Conspiracy theorists maintain that there is much information that has remained classified all these years. If so, perhaps, President Donald Trump’s administration will make it available to the public. After all this time, why not?

For you readers of a certain age, what are your memories of the assassination and its aftermath? Where were you when you heard the awful news? I would like to know.

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THIS MONTH IN HISTORY – NOVEMBER

Below please find a list of what I consider to be significant historical events that have occurred during the month of November.

11/1 – All Hallows Day, aka All Saints Day. Many of us observe the day before this holiday as Halloween. 
11/1/1848 – The first women’s medical school opened in Boston, MA. It was founded by a Mr. Samuel Gregory and “boasted” twelve students. In 1874 it became part of the Boston University School of Medicine, becoming one of the first co-ed medical schools.  According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, today, women comprise approximately 1/2 of all medical students.
11/1/1950 – President Harry S Truman, whom many historians consider to have been one of our greatest and underrated presidents, survived an assassination attempt by two members of a Puerto Rican nationalist movement.
11/2/1962 – President Kennedy announced that all Soviet missiles in Cuba were being dismantled and their installations destroyed, thus signaling the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis. On 11/20 he announced that the dismantling of all said missile sites had been completed. Unbeknownst to the general public, that crisis was probably the closest we ever came to nuclear war.
11/3/1948 – The Chicago Tribune published its famous, or infamous, headline “Dewey Defeats Truman,” arguably, the most embarrassing headline ever.
11/4/1862 – Richard Gatling patented his first rapid-firing machine gun, which utilized rotating barrels to load, fire and extract the spent cartridges. The gun bares his name.
11/4/1942 – In the battle generally considered to be one of the turning points of WWII (along with Stalingrad and Midway) the British defeated the Germans at El Alamein (North Africa).
11/7/1811 – General (and future president) William Henry Harrison defeated the Shawnee Indians in the Battle of Tippecanoe Creek, which was located in present-day Indiana. The battle gave rise to the chief slogan of Harrison’s presidential campaign – “Tippecanoe and Tyler too.”
11/7/1885 – Canada’s first transcontinental railroad was completed, opening up the western part of the country to settlement.
11/7/1962 – Former Vice President Richard Nixon, having lost the California gubernatorial election decisively to Edmund Brown gave his famous farewell speech to reporters, telling them they “wouldn’t have Nixon to kick around anymore, because, gentlemen this is my last press conference.” As we know, Nixon made a comeback in 1968 narrowly defeating Hubert Humphrey for the presidency.
11/8/1895 – Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the electromagnetic ray, aka, X-rays.
11/8/1942 – The Allies landed successfully in North Africa (Operation Torch).
11/9&10/1938 – All over Germany Nazis terrorized Jews, burning, pillaging and vandalizing synagogues, homes and businesses in what became known infamously as Kristallnacht.
11/10/1775 – The Marine Corps was established as part of the Navy.
11/10/1871 – Explorer Henry Stanley finds Dr. Livingston after a two-year search. There is doubt that he actually uttered the attributed phrase “Dr. Livingston, I presume.”
11/11/1973 – Egypt and Israel signed a momentus cease-fire accord sponsored by the US.
11/13/1927 – The Holland Tunnel, the first underwater tunnel built in the US, which is named not for the country, but for Clifford Holland, the engineer who designed and led the construction of the project, opened connecting NYC and NJ.
11/13/1956 – The Supreme Court declared racial segregation on public buses to be unconstitutional.
11/15/1864 – Union soldiers, under the command of General William Sherman, burned much of the City of Atlanta.
11/17/1869 – The Suez Canal opened after taking 10+ years to complete.
11/19/1863 – President Abraham Lincoln delivered the famous Gettysburg Address.
11/20/1789 – NJ became the first state to ratify the Bill of Rights.
11/20/1945 – The Nuremberg War Crimes Trials began. Twenty-four former leaders of Nazi Germany were tried for various war crimes.
11/22/1963 – President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas by Lee Harvey Oswald who, in turn, was later assassinated by Jack Ruby. Hours later, Lyndon Johnson was sworn in as president while on board Air Force One.
11/28/1520 – Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan rounded the southern tip of South America, passing through what is now known as the Strait of Magellan, crossing from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans.

In addition, the following notables, who made significant contributions to society, were born during November:

Daniel Boone (frontiersman) – 11/2/1734; President James K. Polk (11th President) – 11/2/1795; Will Rogers (humorist) – 11/4/1879; Walter Cronkite (tv anchor/journalist) – 11/4/1916; John Philip Sousa (musical conductor) – 11/6/1854; James Naismith (inventor of basketball) – 11/6/1861; Marie Curie (chemist who discovered radium) – 11/7/1867; Billy Graham (evangelist) – 11/7/1918; Edmund Halley (astronomer/mathematician who discovered Halley’s Comet) – 11/8/1656; Christiaan Barnard (pioneer of heart transplant operations) – 11/8/1922; Richard Burton (actor) – 11/10/1925; George Patton (WWII General) – 11/11/1885; Auguste Rodin (sculptor of “The Thinker,” among others) – 11/12/1840; Elizabeth Cady Stanton (suffragist) – 11/12/1815; Grace Kelly (actress/princess) – 11/12/1929; Louis Brandeis (Supreme Court justice) – 11/13/1856; Robert Louis Stevenson (author) – 11/13/1850; Robert Fulton (inventor of the steamboat) – 11/14/1765; Claude Monet (pioneered impressionist painting) – 11/14/1840; Jawaharlal Nehru (India’s first Prime Minister) – 11/14/1889; Louis Daguerre (invented daguerreotype process of developing photographs) – 11/18/1789; James A. Garfield (20th President) – 11/19/1831; Indira Gandhi (Indian Prime Minister) – 11/19/1917; Edwin Hubble (astronomer for whom the Hubble Space Telescope is named) – 11/20/1889; Robert Kennedy (JFK’s brother, Attorney General and US Senator from NY) – 11/20/1925; Charles De Gaulle (French WWII hero and president of France) – 11/22/1890; Franklyn Pierce (14th President) – 11/23/1804; William (Billy the Kid) Bonney (notorious outlaw – 11/23/1859; William Henry Platt (aka Boris Karloff) (famed horror movie star) – 11/23/1887; Zachary Taylor (12th President) – 11/24/1784; Andrew Carnegie (financier and philanthropist) – 11/25/1835; John Harvard (founder of Harvard University in 1636) – 11/26/1607; Anders Celsius (invented Celsius, aka centigrade, temperature scale) – 11/27/1701; Mark Twain, (author) – 11/30/1835; Chaim Weizmann (Israeli statesman) – 11/27/1874; Samuel Clemens, aka Mark Twain, (author) – 11/30/1835; Winston Churchill (British Prime Minister during WWII) – 11/30/1874.

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TRUMP HITS THE GROUND RUNNING

As we all know, on January 20, 2025 President-elect Donald Trump will be riding into office on a humungous red wave. He didn’t just win the 2024 election in a squeaker. He won it in a landslide. He garnered 312 electoral votes; he won the popular vote with over 74 million votes, the first time a Republican has done so since 2004; he won all seven swing states; his Party gained control of the House with a projected 222 seats; and it held its majority in the Senate. All in all, the voters have given him a huge mandate to enact his policies.

To his credit, Trump has not been wasting any time. He has been moving with alacrity to assemble his team.

As I write this the key appointments are as follows:

Secretary of State – Marco Rubio; Secretary of Defense – Peter Hegseth; Head of Homeland Security – Kristi Noehm; Department of Government Efficiency (New) – Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy; Ambassador to Israel – Mike Huckabee; National Security Advisor – Mike Waltz; Head of the CIA – John Radcliffe; Border Czar – Thomas Homan.

Some of these will require Senate approval, but I don’t anticipate any problems. Each of these persons share two commonalities: (1) they are very capable; and (2) they share Trump’s vision for America.

For example, Homan is a former head of ICE and has some 30 years’ experience as a policeman and in border enforcement. He has vowed to institute deportations of illegals starting with criminals, cartel members, gang members, and suspected terrorists. He will use the full powers of the federal government to compel Sanctuary Jurisdictions to obey the law. He told Fox News ICE would conduct “well-targeted, planned operation[s].”

Hegseth has a most impressive background. He is currently a major in the Army National Guard. He has degrees from Harvard and Princeton. He has served tours in both Afghanistan and Iraq. He is a strong proponent of “America First,” and of replacing “wokeism” with meritocracy in the military.

Trump hasn’t been sworn in yet and some of our enemies have signaled a change in attitude in anticipation. As reported in the NY Post, Qatar has expelled Hamas leaders whom it had been sheltering; the Taliban issued a statement that it is “hoping for a new chapter” in its relationship with the US; Russia is ready for a “dialogue;” Hamas is calling for an “immediate end” to its war with Israel; and the latest caravan of illegals has turned back. These developments, if true, are most encouraging.

CONCLUSION

The election results were very clear. Americans want massive changes in their lives, and they trust Trump to provide them. Everyone, our friends, our enemies, the illegal migrants, the wokers, everyone, has gotten the message. At the present time Trump has a rare opportunity to act with near impunity. He must “strike while the iron is hot.” History tells us this opportunity will not last long.

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VETERANS DAY

This year, Veterans Day will be celebrated today, Monday, November 11.  VD is one of 11 federal holidays. Can you name the others? See below.

The holiday is always celebrated on the same date unless it falls on a Sunday, in which case it is celebrated on Monday, November 12.  This is a day on which we celebrate our living veterans as opposed to Memorial Day, which is reserved for those who gave their lives for our country.

The US Postal Service, schools, banks and most government entities, such as the DMV and local libraries will be closed today. Financial markets will be open. Most retailers and other businesses will be open. Traditionally, many restaurants and golf courses offer discounts or freebies for veterans.

Many cities will hold parades. Who doesn’t love a parade? The largest parade will be in NYC (where else?), which will be returning for its 105th year. According to parade organizers some 20,000 participants, 150 vehicles, and 25 floats will take part. Additionally, some 400,000 spectators are expected.

Many of you have requested a quiz.  So, here it is, and in honor of Veterans Day it has a military theme. Good luck and no peeking at the internet. No consulting “Alexa” or “Siri.”

1. Who was the US president during the first war against the Barbary Pirates? (a) George Washington, (b) John Adams, (c) Thomas Jefferson, (d James Monroe

2. The WWI battle that inspired the poem “In Flanders Field” took place in (a) Ardennes, (b) Charleroi, (c) Gallipoli, (d) Ypres

3. Each of the following presidents had been renowned generals, EXCEPT: a) Teddy Roosevelt, (b) Andrew Jackson, (c) Zachary Taylor, (d) Franklyn Pierce

4. “Pickett’s Charge” was the turning point of what Civil War battle? (a) Bull Run, (b) Manassas, (c) Gettysburg, (d) Fredericksburg

5. The “Shot Heard ‘Round the World” refers to which Revolutionary War battle? (a) Boston, (b) Lexington, (c) Concord, (d) NY

6. Tripoli, the stronghold of the Barbary Pirates, was located in what present-day country? (a) Libya, (b) Algeria, (c) Tunisia, (d)Egypt

7. The Alamo is located in which city? (a) Houston, (b) San Antonio, (c) Austin, (d) Galveston

8. The US fought the Gulf War against (a) Iran, (b) Syria, (c) Kuwait, (d) Iraq

9. Who said “Damn the torpedoes; full speed ahead.” (a) David Farragut, (b) John Paul Jones, (c) Ethan Allen, (d) Jonathan Eli

10. Which war resulted in the highest number of casualties? (a) WWI, (b) WWII, (c) Korean War, (d) Civil War

11. Fort Sumter is located in which state? (a) North Carolina, (b) South Carolina, (c) Georgia, (d) Alabama

12. Custer’s Last Stand took place in which modern-day state? (a) North Dakota, (b) South Dakota, (c) Montana, (d) Idaho

13. Each of the following was a WWII battle in the Pacific theatre, EXCEPT (a) El Alamein, (b) Guadalcanal, (c) Okinawa, (d) Midway

14. Who was the US President during WWI? (a) Teddy Roosevelt, (b) Woodrow Wilson, (c) William Howard Taft, (d) Warren Harding

15. When General Douglas MacArthur said “I shall return,” to which country was he referring? (a) Australia, (b) New Guinea, (c) Guam, (d) Philippines

16. The Korean War began in (1) 1949, (b) 1950, (c) 1951, (d) 1952

17. Who was president during the Spanish-American War? (a) Grover Cleveland, (b) James Garfield, (c) Rutherford B. Hayes, (d) William McKinley

18. Where is Mt. Suribachi? (a) Iwo Jima, (b) Okinawa, (c) Tarawa, (d) Japan

19. Where is Vicksburg? (a) Alabama, (b) Louisiana, (c) Missouri, (d) Mississippi

20. When was the Veterans Administration founded? (a) 1870, (b) 1930, (c) 1950, (d) 1972

21. Which of the following was NOT a landing site on D-Day? (a) Silver, (b) Omaha, (c) Juno, (d) Sword.

22. Which British general surrendered at Yorktown ending the Revolutionary War? (a) Howe, (b) Clinton, (c) Cornwallis, (d) Burgoyne.

23. Each of the following cities was the site of fighting in the Iraq War battle EXCEPT: (a) Mosul, (b) Fallujah, (c) Baghdad, (d) Kamaleshwar.

24. Approximately, how many veterans are there living in the US? (a) 9.5 million, (b) 12.5 million, (c) 15.8 million, (d) 19.5 million?

25. Who was president during the War of 1812? (a) Thomas Jefferson, (b) John Adams, (c) James Monroe, (d) James Madison

ANSWERS: 1. c; 2. d; 3. a; 4. c; 5. c; 6. a; 7. b; 8. d; 9. a; 10. d; (more than all the other wars combined. 11. b; 12. c; 13. a; 14. b; 15. d; 16. b; 17. d. 18. a; 19. d; 20. b.; 21. a; 22. c; 23. d; 24. c; 25. d.

Federal holidays: New Year’s Day; MLK’s Birthday; G. Washington’s BD; Memorial Day; June teenth National Independence

Federal holidays: New Year’s Day; MLK’s Birthday; G. Washington’s BD; Memorial Day; Juneteenth National Independence Day; Independence

Federal holidays: New Year’s Day; MLK’s Birthday; G. Washington’s BD; Memorial Day; Juneteenth National Independence Day; Independence Day; Labor Day; Columbus Day; Veterans’ Day; Thanksgiving; Christmas.

Well, there you have it. Tell me how you did, well or (as my grandson used to say) “not so good.”

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THE BLAME GAME

And so, it begins. That didn’t take long. Just a few days after the election and the Dem Party and its supporters have already begun to point fingers. The blame game is in full swing. They’re all stunned by Trump’s resounding victory. They wonder, how could this have happened? How could so many people have voted for the “fascist,” “racist,” “misogynistic,” “Hitler-reincarnated” Trump?

Incredibly, they have no idea. It’s Harris’ fault; no, it’s Biden’s fault; no, it’s the Party power brokers’ (PBs”) who wield the real power behind the scenes fault; no, it’s the donors; no, it’s the Obamas; no, it’s the Clintons; no, it’s the media. Well, in my view, if they’re looking to ascribe blame, they should all look in the mirror. They’re all right and they’re all wrong.

The last few days of listening to Dems supporters’ meltdowns have actually been entertaining. For example:

  1. CNN anchor Jake Tapper requested that a staffer show him a graph of the states in which Harris had outperformed Biden by in excess of three percent. The staffer showed him a blank gray map.
  2. The View‘s co-host Sunny Hostin simplistically blamed “uneducated white women” for Harris’ defeat.
  3. NYS Governor Kathy Hochul and Trump prosecutor Leticia James, rather than focusing on cooperating with Trump to resolve the state’s copious serious problems, vowed to pursue “potential federal legal threats to reproductive freedom, gun safety laws, and other key issues.” Huh?
  4. NBC’s “Morning Joe” concluded that Harris’ defeat was due to “misogyny and racism from minority voters.”
  5. Late night comedians Seth Meyers, Jimmy Kimmel, Jimmy Fallon, and Stephen Colbert, and I use the term loosely, who host shows that few people bother to watch anymore, acted like their best friend had died.
  6. AOC blamed “sexism” and warned “scary time[s]” were ahead under a Trump presidency.
  7. Al Sharpton dismissed and denigrated male blacks who had voted for Trump as “racists.” Huh?
  8. Writing in the NY Times columnist Peter Baker opined that America is “not ready for a woman in the Oval Office.”
  9. “Woke” colleges, such as Harvard and Columbia, cancelled classes or established “coping rooms” for distraught students. Puhlease!
  10. Several prominent “wokers” have speculated that Trump will retaliate against them personally. News flash. He has no intention of wasting his time on you. For one thing, you’re not that important. In addition, he has much more pressing matters to address, and his stated intent is to unite, not retaliate, a concept that is foreign to you.

As I said, these people are way out of touch and in denial. They believed their own propaganda.

In my opinion:

  1. The PBs stuck with Biden for too long. It was an open secret that his cognitive abilities were in a steep decline. The evidence was right there for all to see if they just cared to look. His family knew it; his staff knew it; the media knew it; the donors knew it; and eventually, most significantly, the electorate knew it (the ones who were objective, anyway). His decline had become noticeable in 2021, but the specter of COVID gave him a plausible reason to run his campaign largely hidden from public view. Rather than do its job the media aided and abetted him. No outsiders knew “the emperor had no clothes.” For those who know their history it was reminiscent of FDR and his staff’s hiding his polio affliction from the public. They should have realized that his decline would become known at some point, but they arrogantly believed they could hide it and if it were to come out, they could manage it.
  2. Biden’s disastrous debate with Trump was the watershed event. It caused a massive panic among Dems. Biden was exposed before the whole world as a fumbling, bumbling, mumbling, stumbling shell of his former self. Suddenly, just three months before the election, the secret was out. He was no longer a viable candidate. He needed to be replaced both as a candidate and as president or else Trump would surely win.
  3. The Dem Party PBs (who had really been running the country) were in a real quandary. Stubbornly, Biden refused to step aside. His attitude was he had swept the primaries fair and square garnering over 14 million votes. At the convention the delegates had made him the unanimous choice as Dem nominee. He had beaten Trump once; he could and would do it again.
  4. According to that pesky document known as the Constitution the only way to replace him legally would have been to declare him unfit for office under the 25th Amendment. But that would have meant a long, drawn-out public process that would have severely damaged the campaign. That was a nonstarter. They needed a new candidate, and fast.
  5. Finally, the PBs decided to force Biden to withdraw and replace him with Kamala Harris. It was nothing less than a coup perpetrated by, among others Barack Obama, Nancy Pelosi, Chuck (the “Chameleon”) Schumer, key donors, and probably other undisclosed PBs. In their view, it had to be Harris. As VP she was already in place in the campaign, and she was only person who could access the hundreds of millions of dollars of accumulated campaign funds.
  6. It didn’t matter that as a presidential candidate in 2020 she had been so bad that she had had to drop out before the Iowa caucuses. It didn’t matter that she had not won a single electorate vote. It didn’t matter that she had only been chosen as VP because Biden needed a running mate who was a black woman. It didn’t matter that she had been such an incompetent VP that there had been discussions to replace her on the 2024 ticket. It didn’t matter that she was the most far-left senator, a genuine died-in-the-wool Socialist, even further to the left than admitted Socialist Bernie Sanders. The PBs forced Biden out and shoe-horned her in. It was a coup, plainly and simply.
  7. The hope was to hide her real views from the electorate and rely on the mainstream media and the perceived widespread hatred of Donald Trump to carry the day.
  8. To make a long story short, it worked for a while, until it didn’t. Harris was a terrible candidate, and she ran a terrible campaign. She couldn’t hide from her 20 years of far-left policies; she couldn’t separate herself from Biden’s disastrous four-year record; and she was on the wrong side of every issue that mattered to the electorate – the economy, the border, crime, and security, to name a few. In the end her only viable strategy was to gaslight voters by avoiding interviews. She continually flip-flopped her policies to the extent that voters didn’t know her true beliefs, and they didn’t trust her.
  9. It didn’t help matters that she chose another Socialist, MN Governor Tim Walz, as her running mate over PA Governor Josh Shapiro. The pick was not viewed as a wise strategic choice since PA was a swing state that Shapiro, as VP nominee, would likely have carried for the ticket. It was widely viewed as a sop to the far left, antisemitic, pro-Muslim wing of the Party. With his “baggage” and buffoonery Walz turned out to be a negative factor. He even lost his home county to Trump.
  10. Perhaps, the happiest Dem today is Biden. Reports are that he is “giddy” over Harris’ decisive loss and views it as vindication and revenge for his forced removal. It doesn’t matter that he likely would also have lost, and perhaps worse.
  11. The primary problem for the Dems is that were out of touch with the voters. Their arrogance was boundless. They were living in their own insulated world. They were focused on abortion, pronouns, DEI, and name calling while voters cared about the economy, immigration and crime. They should have taken the time to mingle with the people. Go to malls. Take to the streets. Go to diners. Go to small businesses. Converse with ordinary people. Ask them questions. Listen to their answers.
  12. Voters no longer trusted the media; they no longer listened to elite politicians, entertainers or sports heroes who thought they knew what was good for them and did not hesitate to tell them so. They realized that these people knew less about their daily life struggles than they did. Moreover, they didn’t care about them. They arrogantly characterized regular people as “deplorables,” “racists,” “misogynists,” or “garbage.” They lived in a different world that was insulated from the hard life issues everyone else faced. They didn’t have to worry about putting food on the table, gassing up the car, paying the rent, or saving for their kids’ education, etc. They lived in gated communities with private security. They traveled in private jets. When was the last time Beyonce or George Clooney went to a grocery store or gassed up their car? Beyond their ignorance and indifference, they lectured the ordinary folks as to how they should live and what was good for them.
  13. Trump and the GOP listened and learned. For example, he perceived that all working and middle voters, whites, black and Latinos all had the same concerns and fears, which have been described numerous times by me and many others. He intuited that Hispanic citizens were just as opposed to illegal immigration as the rest of us. Rather than seeking to divide us as the Dems were, he sought to unite us. His points resonated, and we saw the result.

That was why the Dems lost and lost so thoroughly.

The first step to correcting a problem is to acknowledge it. As I write this, the Dems are still in denial.

CONCLUSION

Trump did not win a squeaker. It was a massive landslide. He won over 300 electoral votes; he won the popular vote by some five points, he carried the Senate; he likely will carry the House; he made historic inroads into traditionally Dem voting blocs such as blacks, Hispanics, Jews, and young people. In essence he expanded the base of the GOP. He forged a coalition of working class, middle class and minority voters that could last for a long time. It is comparable to what FDR accomplished for the Dems in 1932.

This dramatic shift to the right was confirmed by commentator Patrick Ruffini who characterized it as “unprecedented in the modern era.” Remarkably, Trump accomplished all this despite being subjected to eight years of non-stop misinformation, outright lies, harassments and impeachments, not to mention two assassination attempts.

As I said, today, the Dem Party is in disarray and disbelief. It has been hijacked by the small but vocal far left, woke, antisemitic, Pro Muslim, wing of the Party. Where are the moderate Dems? They need to speak up. The moderates in the Party need to jettison that radical element and return to the mainstream or else it will lose its relevance as a major party.

As for the GOP, it now faces the difficult challenge of governing. The electorate will expect it to solve all the problems that they have inherited from the Biden Administration, and, as we all know, there is a long list. Otherwise, it will lose credibility, and there may very well be a reckoning in 2026 and 2028.

It will not be easy. Once the Dems get over their shock and get organized, they and their media allies will resist. The lies, harassments and half-truths will return. Already, there have been rumblings. Trump and the GOP have to act quickly and decisively.

Note: in that vein, today he announced that Susie Wiles, the brilliant architect of his campaign, will be his chief of staff. Wiles, the daughter of former NFL player and announcer Pat Summerall, is the first female to hold that powerful and prestigious position. It appears to be an inspired choice. Kudos to her.

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TRUMP WINS. GOP FLIPS SENATE. HOUSE TOO CLOSE TO CALL.

The media is shocked. The elites are stunned. They were so out of touch with the American people. They called Trump and his supporters all sorts of derogatory names – Hitler, Nazis, racist, Islamophobic, deplorables, garbage, etc. They actually believed their own propaganda. Talk is cheap; play the game, and the voters did just that.

Even the pollsters did not see it coming. They called the race “too close to call.” Either their polls failed to capture the mood of the people, or they were too afraid to make a prediction. As you know some of us were not so reticent. In my last blog I went out on a limb and predicted a Trump victory. Many others of you commented that you agreed.

Trump even won the popular vote, possibly by a goodly margin. The GOP rarely achieves that. He came close in Virginia. He outperformed expectations in various other states. Harris’ gaslighting did not fool us. She consistently ran behind Biden’s 2020 numbers everywhere.

As I write this, the GOP has control of the Senate with 51 seats, and they are leading in a few others that have not been called. It is too early to “call” many House races officially, but the expectation is that they will retain their majority for a clean sweep.

Trump has a clear mandate to enact his policies, the policies that we, the people want. The Dems will not be able to distract us with false impeachments. The Senate will confirm his Supreme Court choices.

Conclusion

The people have spoken. Now it’s time to get to work.

Finish the Wall. Close the border.

Drill baby drill. Deal with Iran.

It’s time to take out the garbage. It’s time to drain the swamp.

Komrade Kamala – YOU’RE FIRED!

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2024 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION PREDICTION

This will be my final 2024 presidential election blog before the big day. (I can hear the wild cheering in the background.) If you are like me, regardless of your preference, you will be happy to get all the excessive and extraneous chatter over with and get on with the real voting. Talk is cheap; play the game.

Most prognosticators predict that this will be a very close election with the winner too close to call. That may be true, but I submit it is a coward’s way out. I will show no fear and make a prediction. Feel free to disagree. I would welcome your comments.

My analysis is as follows:

  1. According to most of the latest polls Harris has a slight lead in the national vote, which the Dems almost always win. That is informative but largely irrelevant, although it is worth noting that her lead is much slimmer than that which is normal. It is the electoral votes of the individual states that count. Many people think that is unfair, but there are various historical reasons for that, which I have discussed in previous blogs. In any event, it is what it is.
  2. There are seven “swing” states that will decide the election. Excluding those states, I have calculated that Harris is leading and likely to win in states totaling 241 electoral votes. Trump is leading and likely to win in states totaling 204 electoral votes.
  3. The aforementioned swing states are MI (15 electoral votes), NC (16), AZ (11), GA (16), PA (19), NV (6), and WI (10). Those states represent 93 EVs. All the latest polls report Trump and Harris to be tied or within the margin of error in all of them, except for AZ where Trump has a four-point lead.
  4. Because of those poll results prognosticators are loath to make a definitive prediction. They are hedging their bets.
  5. I, however, have no such reservations.
  6. I will go out on the proverbial limb and predict that Trump will win, and the EV total may not even be close. Why? See below.
  7. I have doubts as to the accuracy of the polls. In the last two elections they have significantly underestimated Trump’s support. In 2016 he was several points behind Clinton, and he won in what was considered a big upset. In 2020 he lost to Biden by a “hair,” but he still outperformed the polls.
  8. Trump has drawn tremendously large, enthusiastic crowds wherever he has gone. For example, at MSG in deep blue NYC he drew 20,000 inside the arena and untold thousands more outside. In my view this is irreconcilable with the polls, and it is the main reason why I doubt their accuracy.
  9. According to multiple polls Trump is drawing significantly more support among blacks and Hispanics, which traditionally have been strong Dem supporters. This is another harbinger that I don’t believe is being reflected fully in the polls.
  10. Normally, the Dems gain a sizeable advantage in early voting. That forces the GOP to play “catch-up” on ED. Often, due to the vagaries of weather or other unforeseen circumstances, that gap has been too much to overcome. During this election cycle the GOP has emphasized EV, and the results have been very encouraging.
  11. In NC I think the impact of hurricane Helene will be very significant, particularly in the western part of the state. Thousands of people lost everything, and the Feds’ response and support was terrible. In addition, this event is very recent and should be fresh in their minds.
  12. Regarding PA I don’t think many people will be deceived by Harris’ inconsistent position on fracking, which is crucial to the state’s economy. They realize she is gaslighting them. In addition, Dem Senator John Fetterman, who is monitoring the campaign in PA very closely, has characterized the level of Trump’s support on the “stump” as “astonishing.” He also thinks that Elon Musk’s support will be a considerable plus for Trump.
  13. As always, turnout will be the key, but based on the foregoing analysis I predict that Trump will carry AZ, G, NV, NC and PA. Those 68 EVs would bring his EV total to 272 and a narrow victory.
  14. I am less certain about MI and WI, but he could carry them as well, which would bring his EV total to 297, which would constitute more of a mandate.
  15. Let’s not overlook the Senate. The GOP needs to flip a net of two seats to gain control. According to CNN there are several Dem seats that are vulnerable. With Joe Manchin retiring WVA is a “lock.” Montana and Ohio are strong possibilities. Other possibilities are MI and WI, particularly if Trump were to win those states.
  16. Individual House races are unpredictable, but in my view the GOP should retain control.

Conclusion

If I am right the GOP should have sufficient control to enable Trump to enact his policies. Furthermore, the government would not have to deal with phony impeachments or other distractions.

If I am right, it will be time to TAKE OUT THE TRASH AND DRAIN THE SWAMP!

One disquieting thought. As we all know, the country is very divided. We can debate whose fault that is, but the fact remains that supporters of the losing candidate will likely contest the results. The closer the election, the stronger the likelihood of that occurring. That would be their right, but let’s hope any such protests are peaceful.

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TRUMP AT MSG. SUPPORTERS 20,000, NAZIS 0

As you all know, this past Sunday Donald Trump held a massive rally at Madison Square Garden in NYC. The concise headline in the NY Post summed it up perfectly, “A MEGA MAGA AT THE MECCA.”

Trump boldly decided to stage a massive rally in arguably the bluest of blue venues, NYC. This is the same NYC that virtually always votes for Dem candidates from the president on down to the City Council and for every office in between. This is the same NYC that hosted his Stalin-era “show trial” a few months ago on “trumped up” charges that resulted in a conviction, which will certainly be overturned by the higher courts.

According to multiple media reports the Garden was filled to capacity; plus, there were thousands more people outside who could not get in. Among the attendees were my grandson, Mason, and three of his friends. Despite the inane and execrable statements that have been spewed out by many Dems and their allies in the media regarding those who attended the rally I can assure you that my grandson and his friends are not Nazis. They, like all the other attendees are people who are fed up with the state of the country and believe that Trump will fix it.

According to Mason there was a wide cross-section of people of all ages, genders, and races with nary a Nazi in sight. Other eyewitness accounts published in multiple media outlets have confirmed this. For example, Lily Zuckerman, reported in the Post seeing several Jews wearing Stars of David and traditional Orthodox garb such as kippahs and black hats. She added that people were generally upbeat, vibrant, joyous, and friendly. More gaslighting by desperate and duplicitous Dems exposed.

Mason and his friends got up at 6:00 am, arrived at around 7:40, and reported there were already a goodly number of people there. The Post reported that some 2,000 people had been camping out for as long as 48 hours. The crowd was peaceful and in festive spirits. They waited outside several hours before the doors were opened, but they were able to get good seats inside. Much of the overflow that could not get in watched the proceedings from inside nearby restaurants and bars, but thousands more remained outside, content just to be part of the event. Once the proceedings commenced the crowds were raucous and enthusiastic but peaceful. The Post compared the atmosphere and enthusiasm to that seen for rock stars. Many fans had driven hundreds of miles and camped out for days to be a part of it.

As I said, there was a wide cross-section of people in attendance. But do you know what was missing from the rally? Nazis. There was nary a Nazi flag or swastika in sight. Speaker Hulk Hogan, in his blunt, bombastic manner, bellowed “I don’t see no stinking Nazis in here!” Do you know what else was missing? Protesters. One secret service agent was quoted as estimating the number of protesters at about 150, hardly a blip.

In a demonstration of unity, the program included speeches by a wide cross-section of supporters including allies such as Speaker of the House Mike Johnson, former opponents such as Vivek Ramaswamy and RFK, non-political luminaries such as Rudy Giuliani, Hulk Hogan and Tucker Carlson, former Dems such as Tulsi Gabbard, VP nominee J. D. Vance, and the former First Lady, Melania (not a Nazi among them either). Indeed, in what world would one find Orthodox Jews and pro-Israel banners at a Nazi rally? Many of the speakers specifically defended Israel and criticized BH for the manner in which they have treated it.

The massive and enthusiastic crowd counteracted the claim by the Dems that he is unfit for office. In addition, columnist Piers Morgan characterized Clinton’s comparison of this rally to the 1939 pro-Nazi rally as “despicable” but consistent with the Dems “incessant and hysterical demonization” of Trump. I couldn’t have said it better myself.

Trump led off his speech with the standard question, “are you better off today than you were four years ago?” Of course, that got the crowd fired up, because for 90% of us the answer is a resounding NO! Then, he covered the usual topics, such as the economy, the border, mass deportation of illegal migrants, reinstituting drilling for oil and gas, no tax on social security, tips, and overtime, and fighting crime. He introduced a new tax initiative – a tax cut for caregivers who look after family members. He introduced a new tag line, which I think will resonate. “Kamala broke it, but I will fix it.”

The Dems have gotten so desperate it’s pathetic. In every previous election in my lifetime each candidate had bona fide issues that he could run on. Voters might not agree, but at least there was something to discuss. This is the first election I can recall in which the incumbent, Harris, has had nothing bona fide to run on. She has been VP for four years and she has no accomplishments to point to. None.

The economy is as bad as at any time since the Great Depression. The border is wide open. Illegal immigrants are pouring in at will. (Presently, we actually have no real southern border.) Crime is skyrocketing and becoming more random, especially in the cities run by Dems. There are no longer any “safe, crime-free” areas. Due to “no-bail” laws criminals are often released from jail before the paperwork for their arrest has been completed. Moreover, they are often not even getting prosecuted due to “woke” DAs. Businesses and people have been abandoning the crime-ridden cities for more law-abiding locales. Those who have remained are afraid to go out. There are wars in the ME and in Ukraine, which are threatening to metastasize into WWIII. We have abandoned our allies and placated our enemies.

Even worse, the country is as divided as I have ever seen it. GOP vs Dem, progressive vs. conservative. Antisemitism is as overt as I have ever seen it. The atmosphere is almost as bad as it was under the Nazis in pre-WWII Germany. Colleges are being controlled by pro-terrorist, anti-Jewish administrators and agitators. Many Jews are afraid to identify themselves as Jewish. All of the foregoing has developed and spun out of control in the last four years under Biden-Harris. They have been unable or unwilling to deal with it.

So, I repeat, Harris has nothing positive to claim in her four years. So, what have she and her cohorts done? They have manufactured issues, and they have lied. “Trump” is a Nazi.” “Trump is Hitler.” “Trump’s rally at MSG is reminiscent of the infamous Nazi rally of 1939.” “Trump should be in prison.” “Trump is a threat to democracy.” “Trump wants to be a dictator. He will never leave office.” “Trump wants to outlaw abortions.”

Of course, none of these is even remotely true. The Dems know they are losing, possibly badly. They are desperate. They are flailing, trying to foment hate, division, fear and dissension. Personally, I find some of above characterizations as very offensive, particularly the references to Hitler and Nazis. Perhaps, Harris and her campaign are unaware of the Holocaust in which Hitler and the Nazis murdered six million Jews and millions of others. Every Jew, indeed, every Trump supporter, should be outraged.

The fact of the matter is that if anyone is antisemitic it is Harris and her cohorts given their tepid support of Israel and laissez faire attitude toward the bias being visited upon Jews at the present time. I have discussed this in detail in previous blogs.

If anyone is a threat to democracy it is these same power-hungry phonies. It was they who carried out a four-year deception against the American people by hiding Biden’s deteriorating cognition, thus allowing a president to remain in office who was unfit to serve. Who was actually running the country? We don’t know. Certainly not Biden. They should have invoked the 25th amendment, which had been enacted for this very situation. By not doing so they violated the Constitution in order to maintain their power and control.

I have noticed that whatever outlandish accusation the Dems make against Trump they themselves are guilty of it. For example, they say he is antisemitic and a threat to democracy, but those are traits that they have exhibited. It was they who threw a duly elected president and duly nominated presidential candidate “under the bus.” It was they who cast aside a candidate who had received 18 million primary votes in favor of one who had not received any. It was they who blocked a bona fide candidate, RFK, Jr., from pursuing his candidacy, and sought to keep Trump off the ballot in various states for no bona-fide reason. It was they who sought to imprison Trump on “trumped up” charges because they realized they couldn’t beat him fair and square. It is they who have fomented divisiveness and hatred even though they know it is likely to encourage some mentally and emotionally unbalanced person to try to assassinate Trump. It is they who have not provided Trump with sufficient Secret Service protection despite two previous assassination attempts and credible threats of others. And it is they who are trying any means, nefarious and otherwise, to hold on to power.

Conclusion

The polls still indicate that the race is very, very tight, both nationally and in the battleground states, but there are signs that that may not be the case. For whatever reason in every election the polls have underestimated Trump’s support. In both 2016 and 2020 Trump outperformed the polls in the actual election. Those polls reported him to be behind both Clinton and Biden. Yet, he won in 2016 and lost by a hair in 2020. Also, he is ahead of where he was on this date in those election cycles.

Additionally, one cannot ignore the large and enthusiastic crowds he attracts wherever he campaigns, even in a deep blue venue such as NYC. Harris’ crowds have not come close.

Finally, one can sense the desperation in the Harris campaign. For example, she agreed to an interview on Fox News where she knew she would not be able to get away with her normal evasive, non-answer answers. This was way out of her comfort zone, and it showed.

Finally, the Harris campaign has called out the “big dogs,” the Obamas and the Clintons, to help. They, too, know she is losing.

All that said, we all know that the only poll that counts is the one on ED. We’ve learned that lesson many times, most recently in the 1948 and 2016 elections.

So, GOPers, don’t be complacent. Your vote counts. The GOP needs to expand its majority in the House and flip the Senate. Trump needs a clear and decisive mandate in order to govern effectively.

VOTE! VOTE! VOTE!

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THIS MONTH IN HISTORY – OCTOBER

October has had more than its share of significant historical events. Please see below:

10/1/1908 – The first Model T cars, designed by Henry Ford, went on sale.
10/1/1938 – German troops occupied the Sudetenland section of Czechoslovakia.
10/1/1949 – The Peoples’ Republic of China was founded with Mao Zedong as its leader.
10/1/1979 – The US formally turned the Canal Zone over to Panama.
10/2/1967 – Thurgood Marshall was sworn in as the first African American associate justice of the Supreme Court.
10/3/1863 – President Abraham Lincoln promulgated a proclamation designating the last Thursday in November as Thanksgiving (later changed to the fourth Thursday).
10/3/1929 – The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was officially renamed Yugoslavia.
10/3/1932 – Iraq gained its independence from Great Britain.
10/3/1974 – Hall of Famer Frank Robinson became the first African American to manage a major league baseball club (the Cleveland Indians). Later, he also became the first AA manager to be fired.
10/3/1990 – East and West Germany were united as the Federal Republic of Germany ending 45 years of separation.
10/4/1830 – Belgium gained its independence from the Netherlands.
10/4/1957 – Russia ushered in the Space Age as it launched the first satellite, named Sputnik.
10/5/1908 – Bulgaria proclaimed its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
10/6/1927 – “The Jazz Singer,” the first “talkie,” opened in NYC.
10/6/1928 – Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek became the president of the Republic of China.
10/6/1973 – The “Yom Kippur War” commenced as Egypt and Syria launched surprise attacks against Israel, which was busy celebrating the most sacred of Jewish holidays.
10/6/1981 – Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was assassinated.
10/7/1985 – Palestinian terrorists seized the cruise ship, “Achille Lauro,” and threatened to blow it up if their demands were not met. They infamously murdered an elderly wheelchair-bound passenger, Leon Klinghoffer, by pushing his wheelchair off the deck into the sea.

10/7/2023 – Hamas terrorists perpetrated the worst attack on Israeli civilians since the Holocaust murdering, raping and terrorizing thousands of innocent women, children and elderly people.

10/8/1871 – The Great Fire of Chicago destroyed much of the city. Legend has it that Mrs. O’Leary’s cow started it by kicking over a lantern in her barn.
10/8/1918 – Sergeant Alvin York, arguably the US’s greatest war hero, single-handedly took out a German machine-gun battalion, killing and capturing nearly 150 enemy soldiers. He was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor and the French equivalent, the Croix de Guerre.
10/8/1998 – The House of Representatives voted to launch a formal impeachment inquiry of President Bill Clinton.
10/9/1962 – Uganda gained its independence from Great Britain.
10/10/1973 – Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned amid allegations of income tax evasion stemming from his tenure as Governor of Maryland.
10/11/1939 – Scientist Albert Einstein issued a warning to President FDR that Germany was seeking to develop an atomic weapon. His warning led the US to marshal its resources to develop its own atomic weapon (the Manhattan Project).
10/12/1492 – Christopher Columbus landed in present-day El Salvador, erroneously thinking he had found the elusive northwest passage to India.
10/12/1811 – Paraguay declared its independence from Spain.
10/12/1822 – Brazil declared its independence from Portugal.
10/13/1792 – George Washington laid the cornerstone of the White House.
10/13/1884 – Greenwich, England was established as the basic time zone from which all time is calculated.
10/14/1066 – The Normans defeated the English at the decisive Battle of Hastings, which resulted in the Normans’ conquest of England.
10/14/1912 – Former president Theodore Roosevelt was shot while campaigning for re-election, but he survived.
10/14/1947 – Test pilot Chuck Yeager became the first to break the sound barrier.
10/14/1964 – Martin Luther King became the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
10/15/1991 – Following several days of contentious hearings regarding allegations of sexual harassment against a former aide, Anita Hill, the Senate confirmed Clarence Thomas as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
10/16/1701 – Yale University was founded in Killingworth, CT as the Collegiate School of Connecticut.
10/16/1793 – French Queen Marie Antoinette, known for her extravagance and contempt for her subjects (“Let them eat cake.”), was beheaded.
10/16/1853 – The Crimean War (Russia, England and France vs. the Ottoman Empire and parts of present-day Italy) began.
10/16/1995 – Louis Farrakhan led the Million Man March on Washington.
10/17/1777 – The Colonial Army defeated the British at Saratoga in what many historians believe was the turning point of the Revolutionary War.
10/17-25/1944 – The US succeeded in decimating the Japanese Navy at the Battle of Leyte Gulf, which was the largest naval battle in history.
10/18/1945 – The Nuremberg War Crimes Trial commenced with indictments against 24 former Nazi leaders.
10/19/1781 – English General Cornwallis surrendered to the Colonial Army at Yorktown, VA. marking the end of the Revolutionary War.
10/19/1987 – This day was dubbed “Black Monday” on Wall Street as stocks plunged 508 points or 22.6%, the largest one-day decline ever.
10/20/1818 – The US and Great Britain agreed to establish the US-Canadian border at the 49th parallel. The 5,525-mile border is the longest in the world between any two countries.
10/20/1944 – General Douglas MacArthur, who upon fleeing the Philippines in 1942 to escape the Japanese Army boldly asserted “I shall return,” returned as promised.
10/20/1968 – Jacqueline Kennedy, widow of President John Kennedy, married Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis.
10/21/1805 – The British Navy defeated the combined naval forces of France and Spain at the Battle of Trafalgar, obviating the threat of their invasion of England.
10/21/1879 – Thomas Edison successfully tested an incandescent lamp.
10/21/1915 – AT&T transmitted the first successful transatlantic radio voice message (Virginia to Paris).
10/22/1962 – President Kennedy warned Americans of the existence of Russian missiles in Cuba. The so-called “Cuban Missile Crisis” was probably the biggest threat of nuclear war during the Cold War.
10/23/1942 – The British Army led by General Bernard Montgomery launched a major offensive against the German Afrika Corps, led by General Erwin Rommel, at El Alamein, Egypt. Montgomery’s victory marked a major turning point in WWII.
10/24/1931 – Notorious Chicago gangster, Al Capone, was sentenced 11 years in prison for income tax evasion.
10/24/1945 – The UN was founded.
10/25/1854 – 673 British cavalrymen took on a Russian force in the Battle of Balaclava. This famous Crimean War battle was immortalized in a poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson entitled “The Charge of the Light Brigade.”
10/26/1881 – In the infamous shoot-out at the OK Corral the Earp brothers and “Doc” Holliday defeated the Clanton Gang.
10/26/1825 – The Erie Canal, the first man-made waterway in America, opened for business.
10/27/1904 – The NYC subway system opened with a run from City Hall to West 145th Street as the first underground and underwater system in the world.
10/27/1978 – Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat shared the Nobel Peace Prize.
10/28/1636 – Harvard University, the oldest university in America, was founded in Cambridge, MA, funded by donations provided by John Harvard.
10/28/1846 – The ill-fated Donner Party departed Illinois for California.
10/28/1918 – The Republic of Czechoslovakia was founded by combining three provinces that were formerly part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire – Moravia, Slovakia, and Bohemia.
10/28/1919 – Prohibition commenced as Congress enacted the Volstead Act.
10/28/1962 – Russia agreed to halt the construction of offensive missile bases in Cuba and dismantle existing bases, thus ending the Cuban Missile Crisis.
10/29/1929 – The stock market “crashed” ushering in the Great Depression.
10/30/1938 – A radio broadcast of H. G. Wells’ “War of the Worlds” without commercial interruption caused widespread panic, as many people thought that Martians had actually invaded Earth.

10/31/41- The sculptures of four US presidents on Mt. Rushmore was completed. Can you name them? (See below).

10/31/50 – Earl Lloyd became the first AA to play in the NBA (Washington Capitols).

10/31/84 – Indian Prime Minister Indira Ghandhi was assassinated.

BIRTHDAYS – Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi – 10/2/1869; Rutherford B. Hayes (19th President) – 10/4/1822; Frederic Remington (artist)- 10/4/1861; Chester A. Arthur (21st President) – 10/5/1830; Robert Goddard (“Father of the Space Age”) – 10/5/1882; George Westinghouse (engineer and inventor) – 10/6/1846; John Lennon – 10/9/1940; Eleanor Roosevelt – 10/11/1884; Mary Ludwig (aka Molly Pitcher (Revolutionary War heroine of the Battle of Monmouth, NJ) – 10/13/1754; William Penn (founded the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, which bears his name) – 10/14/1644; Dwight (Ike) Eisenhower (WWII commanding general and 34th President) – 10/14/1890; Lido Anthony (Lee) Iacocca (auto industry executive) – 10/15/1924; Noah Webster (teacher and journalist who compiled the first dictionaries) – 10/16/1758; Oscar Wilde (Irish playwright and poet) – 10/16/1854; David Ben Gurion (“Father” of Israel) – 10/16/1888; Eugene O’Neill (playwright – “The Iceman Cometh”) – 10/16/1888; William O. Douglas (associate justice of the Supreme Court) – 10/16/1898; John Birks (Dizzy) Gillespie (jazz musician) – 10/21/1917; Pablo Picasso (artist) – 10/25/1881; Hillary Rodham Clinton – 10/26/1947; James Cook (English explorer) – 10/27/1728; Theodore Roosevelt (26th President) – 10/27/1858; Dr. Jonas Salk (polio vaccine) – 10/28/1914; Bill Gates (Microsoft) – 10/28/1955; John Adams (2nd President) – 10/30/1735; Emily Post (arbiter of etiquette) – 10/30/1872; Admiral Will (“Bull”) Halsey (WWII fleet commander) – 10/30/1882.

Quiz answer: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt.

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