DODGERS DYNASTY

In the wake of the Dodgers’ winning a second consecutive WS title and third in the past five years many sports commentators and fans have been characterizing them as a “dynasty.” In the context of the current structure of baseball what criteria constitute a “dynasty?” Do the Dodgers qualify? Read on for my opinion.

Prior to 1969 it was easier for a team to win a WS. There were no playoffs. Each league’s pennant winners automatically advanced to the WS. All a team had to do was win one post season series, and it was the champion. Thus, there were many instances of teams’ winning consecutive WS. For example, the NY Yankees won five straight from 1949 – 1953.

In 1969 due to expansion the Lords of Baseball decided to add one playoff round. Then, in 1995 they added a Wild Card round. Over time the playoffs have expanded further. Now a team is required to navigate through as many as three rounds of playoffs – the Wildcard, the Divisional and the League Championship rounds- just to qualify for the WS. The current system is not designed for the best team to win the WS, just the one that gets “hot” at the right time. Why? One word – “money.”

As I have written many times given the nature of baseball where the best teams often lost three, four or more games in a row winning a WS is a difficult task. A short losing streak during the regular season is no big deal. A short losing streak during the playoffs means Sayonara. For instance, in 2023 the Arizona Diamondbacks barely squeaked into the playoffs as the number six seed. Yet, they swept the number one seeded Dodgers in the NLDS as, inexplicably, the whole team went into a batting slump. It has been common for the team with the best regular season record to stumble somewhere along the line. During the Wild Card Era (1995 – the present), teams with the best regular season record have only won the World Series 24% of the time.  Many times, the best regular season team has not even made it to the WS. On the other hand, eight Wild Card teams have won the WS. (Quiz question – can you name them? See the answer below.)

In sports, as in any other business, success begins at the top. The Dodgers current run of sustained excellence commenced in 2012 the year Mark Walter bought the team. Walter hired Andrew Friedman, as President of Baseball Operations beginning with the 2015 season. The Dodgers had already won NL West Division titles in 2013 and 2014, but in the past 13 years he has led the team to a higher level. The team hasn’t missed the playoffs since. It has won 12 division titles, five NL pennants, and three World Series championships. Moreover, for most of those years the team also had the best regular season record only to be upset in one of the playoff rounds. Under the pre-Wild Card rules the team would likely have won several more WS. I believe their record of sustained excellence during the past 13 years easily meets the current criteria for a dynasty.

In the current era of 12 playoff spots, as many as four playoff rounds, the draft, free agency, revenue sharing, and sabermetric analysis the Dodgers have managed to win three of the last six World Series and made five of the last nine. Over that nine-season span, the team has compiled a .627 winning percentage across the regular season and postseason, a pace of 101.5 wins per 162 games.

Some naysayers have attributed the team’s success to its high payroll. It’s true that the Dodgers’ payroll has been in the top five every year since 2013, and many years, including 2025 it was the highest. In 2025 its payroll was an astounding $509.5 million including $168 million in projected luxury tax. However, a high payroll is no guarantee of winning a championship. For example, the NY Mets, NY Yankees, Philadelphia Phillies and other teams have had very high payrolls and have not won any championships recently. In 2025 the depth of the Dodgers’ roster enabled them to survive the plethora of injuries to key players during the season, especially to their pitching staff. Once they got healthy, the team hit its stride.

What has separated the Dodgers from all the other teams:

  1. Scouting and player development. Every year the consensus is that the Dodgers’ farm system is among the deepest. They always seem to have highly ranked prospects ready to jump in when the Big Club needs them.
  2. The team has emphasized analytics, research, and the application of medical science.
  3. Signing free agents, some long-term such as Justin Turner, Freddie Freeman, Shohei Ohtani, Yoshi Yamamoto, Kenji Sasaki and Mookie Betts, and short-term, such as Trea Turner and Manny Machado.
  4. They have developed perhaps the strongest relationship with Nippon Baseball, which has enabled them to tap into that rich market.
  5. The culture of the organization and the team, itself, has generated a strong sense of mutual loyalty between the players and the team. Simply put, if given a choice many players will opt to play for the team, particularly a veteran player who has had success and made his money but has not won a WS or wants to win more. For example, prior to his retirement Clayton Kershaw elected to sign a series of one-year contracts with them rather than play for his hometown Texas Rangers or seek a more lucrative contract elsewhere. Utility player Miguel Rojas, one of the 2025 WS unexpected heroes opted to sign with them. Why? “The Dodgers gave me an opportunity to go to minor league camp in 2013. Then I got a chance to play in the big leagues in 2014 when I really wasn’t an impact player in the minors. They gave me an opportunity, and I will never forget that.” Enrique (Kike) Hernandez, who often shines in the post-season also chose to play for them. He asserted that the communication between the team and the players is what separates the Dodgers from other teams.

Conclusion

You all know that I am a huge Dodgers fan. To quote the late Tommy Lasorda “I bleed Dodger Blue.” Nevertheless, I maintain that due to the foregoing the Dodgers have earned the right to be considered a modern baseball dynasty.

Quiz answer: Florida Marlins – 1997 and 2003; Anaheim Angels – 2002; Boston Red Sox – 2004; St. Louis Cardinals – 2011; San Francisco Giants – 2014; Washington Nationals – 2019; Texas Rangers – 2023.

JACKIE ROBINSON

Number 42. Does that have any special meaning for you, or is it just another number? Baseball fans, civil rights advocates, and students of history will recognize it as the uniform number worn by Jackie Robinson of the Brooklyn Dodgers. It should be noted that that uniform number has two other major significances:

1. It is the only number to have been retired by every major league baseball team (in 1997); and
2. as has been customary since 2004, every year on April 15 on what is known as “Jackie Robinson Day,” every player wears that number on his uniform in tribute to Jackie Robinson in recognition of the anniversary of his debut in the major leagues in 1947.  On that historic date Jackie became the first African American to play in the major leagues since the 1880s. Any team not playing a game on April 15 will celebrate on the 16th. In addition, regardless of their team colors all teams’ # 42 jerseys will be in “Dodger Blue” and will feature a commemorative patch.

In order to put this in its proper perspective one must realize the racial situation in 1947. Life was radically different, a reality that few of us who live in the PC era can appreciate.  Much has changed in the intervening 78 years.

For example:

1. Segregation was the law of the land. “Jim Crow” was alive and well.
The “Brown” Supreme Court decision integrating public schools would not come until 1954.
2. Even though many AAs had distinguished themselves during WWII the armed forces would not be integrated until 1948.
3. A disproportionate percentage of MLB players were from the South and espoused all the values, attitudes and experiences of the region regarding AAs.  Most of them had never played ball with an AA.  Many had rarely even associated with one as peers.
4. The prevailing attitude among players, sportswriters, and fans was that AAs were not good enough and did not have the “temperament” to succeed in MLB.

Very few of us lived through that era, and consequently, we cannot imagine the circumstances Jackie had to overcome.

Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born on January 31, 1919 in Cairo, Georgia.  His parents chose his middle name in honor of President Teddy Roosevelt, who had recently died.  He was the youngest of five children.  One of his older brothers, Mack, would later earn some notoriety by winning the silver medal in the 100-meter dash in the 1936 Olympics, (the Games held in Berlin at which Jesse Owens embarrassed Adolph Hitler and the Nazis by winning four gold medals).

Jackie’s parents were sharecroppers and barely scraping by, so in 1920 they moved to Pasadena, California seeking a better life.  In high school and college Jackie excelled in five sports – baseball, basketball, football, track and tennis.  Basically, he was an all-around athlete who excelled in any sport he tried.  At UCLA he became the school’s first athlete to “letter” in four sports (all of the above except tennis).  One of his teammates on the 1939 UCLA football team was the future actor, Woody Strode, who would carve out a respectable career in movies as a “heavy.”  Ironically, statistically, at least, baseball was his worst sport of the four.

In 1941 Jackie left UCLA just shy of graduating to play semi-pro football, but in early 1942 he was drafted and stationed at Fort Riley in Texas.  He applied for admission to OCS. Initially, his application was rejected as few blacks were accepted at the time, but following a personal appeal from Joe Louis, the reigning heavyweight boxing champ, he was accepted.

Jackie’s tenure in the army was marred by one unfortunate incident in which his fiery temperament got him in trouble.  While riding on an Army bus one day the driver told him to move to the back.  Jackie refused.  As a result, he was nearly court-martialed for insubordination and other “trumped up” offenses.  A conviction would have changed the course of his life and, possibly, the country’s as well, but he was acquitted.

In 1945 Jackie signed to play for the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro Leagues. Unbeknownst to him, Branch Rickey, President of the Brooklyn Dodgers, was looking for a Negro to break the major leagues’ “color barrier,” which had been in place since the 1880s.  He had compiled a list of the best players in the Negro leagues and was evaluating them for suitability.  There were many players better than Jackie, notably Satchel Paige and Josh Gibson, but due to age, temperament and other factors, they were all eliminated in favor of Jackie.

Rickey knew the first AA player would have to “turn the other cheek” to a great deal of verbal, physical and emotional abuse.  Otherwise, it might be many more years before the next one got a chance.  When he told Jackie this, Jackie was shocked and replied: “Are you looking for a Negro who is afraid to fight back?” Rickey’s famous reply was that he was seeking a Negro “with guts enough not to fight back.”

To make a long story short, Rickey signed Jackie.  He played for the Montreal Royals, the Dodgers AAA minor league affiliate in the International League, in 1946.  He “tore up” the league, winning the MVP award.  The next year he made his debut in the major leagues.

To me, his debut was one of the most significant events not only in baseball history, but also in the country’s history.  There was tremendous resistance not only from other Dodgers, but from players on other teams as well.

Again, it is very hard for us to appreciate the level of abuse to which Jackie was subjected. Breaking into the major leagues is hard enough, physically. The added mental and emotional pressures Jackie and other AAs had to overcome was mind-boggling. Jackie had to endure a tremendous amount of prejudice and abuse both on and off the field (name calling, spiking, “beanings,” separate lodgings and restaurants on the road, etc.  Eventually, other AAs would join him in the majors. They had to overcome many of the same obstacles.  Some were unable to survive, but many more did.

Luckily, Dodger management was behind Jackie 100%.  When some Dodgers players threatened to quit, strike or demand a trade, the team’s manager, Leo Durocher, a fiery, no-nonsense person himself, nipped the rebellion in the bud.  He declared: “I do not care if the guy is yellow or black, or if he has stripes like a f****** zebra.  I’m the manager of this team, and I say he plays.”  Players on other teams also threatened to strike, but MLB Commissioner “Happy” Chandler quelled that rebellion quickly as well.

Rickey chose well with Jackie.  In baseball parlance, he “knocked it out of the park.”  Attendance soared and not just in Brooklyn but in every other city as well. Black people came in droves to see their hero, Jackie Robinson, play.  In those days, attendance was the primary source of ball clubs’ revenue, so Jackie made money for everyone.

Not only did Jackie “take” all the abuse without incident, he also starred on the field and became an integral part of one of the most storied teams in baseball history, the “Boys of Summer.”  In a ten-year period from 1947-1956 that team dominated the National League. It won six pennants, lost another in a playoff and lost another by one game.

Among Jackie’s many MLB accomplishments:

1. Rookie of the year in 1947 (the first one).
2. National League MVP in 1949.
3. Appeared in six World Series.
4. World champion in 1955.
5. First ballot hall of famer in 1962.
6. Member of the MLB All-Century team.

Jackie was an extremely versatile ballplayer. Although he came up as a second baseman, he also played first, third and the outfield.  Many times, he was among the league leaders in fielding at his position.  He was one of the best “clutch” players I have ever observed.  He could beat you with the bat, the glove or on the bases.  I have never seen a better baserunner or a tougher competitor.  When on base, he would drive the opposing pitcher crazy with his antics.  He was always a threat to steal a base.  I saw him steal home in the 1955 World Series.  When caught in a rundown he often escaped, which, generally, was a rarity.  His aggressive style of play was unique for the 1940s and 1950s.

As an example of his extremely competitive nature, one story will suffice.  In the decisive third game of the 1951 playoff with the NY Giants, when the Giants’ Bobby Thompson hit the pennant-winning homerun (dubbed: “The Shot Heard ‘Round the World”) all the Dodgers left the field immediately with their heads down in defeat.  All except for Jackie.  He watched and made sure that Thompson touched all the bases on his home run trot.  He would not accept defeat until Thompson had completed his circuit.

Jackie retired from baseball after the 1956 season worn down by age and diabetes, but he did not retire from life.  For example, he became very active in the civil rights movement; he became the first black to serve as vp of a major corporation (Chock Full O’Nuts); he went into broadcasting; and he acted in a movie of his own life story.

Conclusion

Ultimately, however, his fierce competitiveness could not overcome ill health.  Jackie died on October 24, 1972 at the relatively young age of 53 from complications of heart disease and diabetes.  I’m sure that all the stress he had to endure on the playing field also contributed to his early demise.

Jackie’s legacy, however, lives on.  There are countless statues, schools, parks and roads named in his honor.  Moreover, every time a black or other minority takes the field in the major leagues, the NFL or the NBA, he owes a debt to the pioneer who made it all possible.

Jackie’s story is recounted in the 2013 movie 42 starring Chadwick Boseman as Jackie, Nicole Beharie as Rachel, and Harrison Ford as Branch Rickey. I have seen it many times, and I recommend it. One can usually find it on tv at this time of the year.

So, today, while watching your favorite team in action take a moment to appreciate the special achievement of one Jack Roosevelt Robinson.

SUPER BOWL QUIZ 2025

This one may be too difficult for non-football fans, but I have to challenge the hard core football fans. You know who you are.

Remember, no peeking at the internet. Don’t ask Siri.

1. The first Super Bowl was played in what year?

a. 1966
b. 1967
c. 1968
d. 1969

2. The losing team in the first SB was:

a. Cowboys
b. Raiders
c. Giants
d. Chiefs

3. How many different major cities (or their environs) have hosted a Super Bowl?

a. 10
b. 12
c. 15
d. 17

4. Which city has hosted the most games?

a. Miami
b. Dallas
c. Los Angeles
d. New Orleans

5. Super Bowl 2026 will be played in which city area?  

a. Los Angeles
b. San Francisco Bay
c. Dallas
d. Miami

6. Two franchises are tied with the most SB wins -6. One is New England. Which is the other?

a. Dallas
b. San Francisco
c. Pittsburg
d. New England

7. Each of the following teams is undefeated in SBs except:

a. Jets
b. Ravens
c. Bucs
d. Green Bay

8. The name “Super Bowl” was derived from:

a. College “bowl” games
b. Fan vote
c. Media feedback
d. Child’s toy

9. Other than Patrick Mahomes, who was the only other quarterback to start and win a Super Bowl with the Kansas City Chiefs? 

a. Trent Green
b. Bill Kenney
c. Joe Kapp
d. Len Dawson

10. Who was the only MVP from the losing team?

a. Chuck Howley
b. Len Dawson
c. Bruce Smith
d. Icky Woods

11. How many defensive players have been MVP of a SB?

a. Two
b. Five
c. Eight
d. Ten

12. Which franchise lost four consecutive Super Bowls? 
a. Green Bay
b. San Francisco
c. Buffalo
d. Pittsburg

13. Who was the headline performer at halftime last year?

a. Beyoncé
b. Bruce Springsteen
c. Usher
d. Lady Gaga

14. Each of the following has not appeared in a SB, except:

a. Browns
b. Bengals
c. Lions
d. Jaguars

15. In SB I a 30-second advertisement cost $37,500 on NBC and $42,500 on CBS. The approximate cost of a 30 second commercial this year is:

a. $2 million
b. $5 million
c. $8 million
d. $10 million

16. How many times has a team played the SB in its home stadium?

a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3

17. Who is the only player to win three consecutive Super Bowls?

a. Ken Norton, Jr.
b. Bob Lilly
c. W. K. Hicks
d. Robert Jackson

18. The coldest temperature for a SB held outdoors was 39 degrees in which city?

a. Houston
b. New Orleans
c. New York
d. Cleveland

19. Which of the following coaches has taken more than one team to a SB?

a. Don Shula
b. Tom Landry
c. Bill Belichek
d. Vince Lombardi

20. Only two wide receivers have won the SB MVP. One was Deion Branch. Who was the other?

a. Jerry Rice
b. Drew Pearson
c. Hines Ward
d. Randy Moss

21. The TV audience for SB I was approximately 65 million (on two networks, (CBS and NBC). How many people are expected to watch Super Bowl LIX on Sunday,

a. 200 million
b. 100 million
c. 120 million
d. 150 million

22. After whom is the SB trophy named?

a. Pete Rozelle
b. Paul Brown
c. Al Davis
d. Vince Lombardi

23. Tom Brady has won the most SB rings (7). What player is next?

a. Adam Vinatieri
b. Charles Haley
c. Terry Bradshaw
d. Bob Lilly

24. Which half-time entertainer became (in)famous for a “wardrobe malfunction?”

a. Beyoncé
b. Janet Jackson
c. Madonna
d. Lady Gaga

25. What marginal player became famous for the “helmet catch” in SBXLII (Giants vs. Pats)?

a. Plaxico Burris
b. Randy Moss
c. David Tyree
d. Bob Schnelker

Bonus question: Who were the first two teams in the NFL? 

Answer: Chicago Cardinals (now the Arizona Cardinals) and the Decatur Staleys (now the Chicago Bears). Commenced in 1920.

QUIZ ANSWERS: 1. b; 2. d; 3. d; 4. a (11); 5. b; 6. c; 7. d; 8. d; 9. d(3); 10. a (SB V); 11.c; 12. c; 13. c; 14. b; 15. c; 16. c; 17. a; 18. b; 19. a; 20. c; 21. c; 22. d; 23. b(5); 24. b; 25. c

CAITLIN CLARK

Why do many of the WNBA players have a problem with Caitlin Clark? Why do they seem to resent her? They should be welcoming her with open arms. They should realize that she will grow the league’s popularity. Based upon her popularity it is very likely she will put more fannies in the seats and increase tv ratings. She will attract more sponsors. She will likely be a boon to the league. All of that spells more money – that’s M O N E Y – not only for her, but for everyone, players, coaches and owners alike.

Fans that heretofore had not paid the least bit of attention to the WNBA are now becoming fans because of Clark. For example, every fan knows who Caitlin Clark is, but I maintain that only the most ardent fans can name as many as ten other players in the league. Who was the league MVP last year? What team won the title? See answers below. If you know, tell me, and I will be shocked and impressed. As has often been said, “a rising tide lifts all boats.” So, I repeat, what is their problem with her. Read on for my opinion on the matter.

Caitlin was born on January 22, 2002 in Des Moines, IA. She commenced playing basketball at the age five. She excelled from the very beginning. At first, due the dearth of girls’ recreational leagues she played against boys. By age 13 she had begun to play against other girls, but due to her outstanding ability she competed against older girls. As a sixth grader she joined a local AAU team for whom she competed until she graduated high school. She played four years of varsity high school ball for Dowling Catholic High School in West Des Moines where she earned various accolades including All-State, All-Iowa and McDonalds All-American. In her senior year ESPN ranked her as the fourth best player in her class in the country.

She was a superb all-around athlete, excelling in softball, tennis and volleyball before concentrating on basketball. Two of her childhood idols were Harrison Barnes, also from Iowa and an NBA star with the Sacramento Kings and Maya Moore, a star with the Minnesota Lynx of the WNBA.

Based upon that outstanding resume of achievement Caitlin could have attended any college she wanted. Yet, she chose Iowa University, which was not known as a college basketball power. Why? Her reason tells you a lot about her character. “It’s a program that has never won the national championship. I didn’t want to do something that everyone else was doing.” Indeed, she did raise the profile of Iowa’s program substantially, leading the school to the national championship game in her junior year.

Caitlin is generally regarded as one of the best women’s college basketball players ever. ESPN analyst Rebecca Lobo, herself a former collegiate and professional star, characterized her as “the best offensive women’s college player since Diana Taurasi,” high praise if you’re familiar with the sport. She is one of if not the best long-range shooters ever. Her range is literally unlimited. Frequently, she would hit shots from the logo. The proficiency of her range is often compared to that of Stephen Curry, who is generally considered to be one of if not the best NBA shooters ever. According to USA Today Caitlin, like Curry, has “redefined what a good shot is in basketball.” Furthermore, she is an outstanding passer and leader. She does what a superstar is supposed to do, namely make her teammates better. Writing in the Wall Street Journal Jason Gay opined that Caitlin has [changed] the dimensionality of the game.”

Some of her college basketball achievements included:

  1. She is the all-time leading Division 1 scorer, men included.
  2. She was a four-time All-American.
  3. She was national player of the year twice.
  4. She was the first player to lead the country in both scoring and assists in the same year.
  5. She led a previously nondescript program to the title game.
  6. But her greatest achievement was to increase the popularity of the sport dramatically. Her games set attendance and tv viewership records. She attracted many new fans who had never deigned to pay attention to the sport. This phenomenon has been termed “the Caitlin Clark effect.”
  7. Last year as expected she was the first overall pick of the draft by the Indiana Fever.

She may not be the best player in the WNBA, at least not yet (after all, she is only a rookie), but she is arguably the most recognizable and most popular among the media and the fans. And therein lies the problem. In my opinion she is resented by many if not most of the WNBA players. They don’t think she deserves all the attention and praise she has been getting from the fans and the media. The league is predominantly African American, and some of the resentment can be attributed to the fact Clark is white. Unfortunately, most things in the country can be viewed through the prism of race.

This attitude toward Clark is not unique. For example, when Larry Bird entered the NBA in 1980 the league’s popularity was at a low point. Attendance and tv ratings were low. In fact, the NBA finals were not even shown live on tv. Bird had been a very popular player at Indiana State. In fact, his collegiate career had paralleled Caitlin’s to a large extent. He too had led a school with a historically pedestrian record to the NCAA Championship game and lost. His arrival was also much ballyhooed. He also was white in a predominantly black league. He too was resented by some players who thought he was overrated because he was white. But, in time, he and Magic Johnson brought the league to a higher level. Many observers credit him along with Magic and later Michael Jordan for making the league what it is today.

Another example would be Tiger Woods. He too arrived with much fanfare. He was a black man in a sport that was predominantly white. He too was resented by many players. However, in time his success and popularity brought golf to unforeseen levels. All golfers now earn money beyond their wildest dreams predominantly because of him. In the words of sportswriter Mark Cannizzaro Woods “paved the way for private jet travel to tournaments instead of seat 23D on Southwest Airlines.”

Clark has the chance to do the same for her sport as Bird, Magic, Jordan, and Woods have done for theirs. As I said, no one is saying she is the best player, although someday she might be. After all, she is only a rookie. She needs to work on her defense, build up her body and gain experience. But that doesn’t diminish what she can bring to the game right now.

In my view, Chennedy Carter’s roller derby-style hip check the other day was dirty, excessive, uncalled for and detrimental to the sport. It was not a basketball play. In fact, the ball was not even in play. Whereas I realize that all rookies in every sport are subjected to rough physical play as a form of initiation it appears that Clark is being targeted excessively. This view is shared by many observers including renowned UConn basketball coach Geno Auriemma. Former WNBA player and coach Nancy Lieberman reacted more forcefully. She said she would have “punched [Carter] in the face and told her to f**k off.” She also criticized Clark’s teammates for not coming to her defense. “Indiana has to be better. Somebody has to come to this kid’s [defense].” On the other hand, WNBA’s Breanna Stewart spoke for many current and former players whose view was that it was “physical play” and all players have to adjust to it.

CONCLUSION

I think the referee should have assessed a Flagrant 2 foul and ejected Carter. In addition, the league should consider a fine and/or a suspension to send a message that such behavior will not be tolerated prospectively. I was also taken aback by the non-reaction of Clark’s teammates. In every other sport that cheap shot would have provoked a fight or at least a confrontation. None of them reacted. At least in the NBA and NHL stars have a protector to dissuade such thuggery. If the league won’t protect Clark, the other Fever players have to. Clark could have been seriously injured and no one wants to see that.

Quiz answers: 1) 2023 MVP – Breanna Stewart. 2) 2023 league champion – Las Vegas Aces.

JACKIE ROBINSON

Yes, in the wake of Iran’s attack of Israel yesterday the world is quite possibly on the brink of WWWIII or at least an expanded regional war in the Middle East. Anyone who has not been living in a cave is cognizant of and concerned about that or should be.

Nevertheless, at this time I must shift gears and pay tribute to the seminal baseball event that took place 77 years ago tomorrow. I will address the other matter after I see what transpires the next few days.

Number 42. Does that have any special meaning for you, or is it just another number? Baseball fans, civil rights advocates, and students of history will recognize it as the uniform number worn by Jackie Robinson of the Brooklyn Dodgers. It should be noted that that uniform number has two other major significances:

1. It is the only number to have been retired by every major league baseball team (in 1997); and
2. as has been customary since 2004, every year on April 15 on what is known as “Jackie Robinson Day,” every player wears that number on his uniform in tribute to Jackie Robinson in recognition of the anniversary of his debut in the major leagues in 1947.  On that historic date Jackie became the first African American to play in the major leagues since the 1880s. Any team not playing a game on April 15 will celebrate on the 16th. In addition, regardless of their team colors all teams’ # 42 jerseys will be in “Dodger Blue” and will feature a commemorative patch.

In order to put this in its proper perspective one must realize the racial situation in 1947. Life was radically different, a reality that few of us who live in the PC era can appreciate.  Much has changed in the intervening 77 years.

For example:

1. Segregation was the law of the land. “Jim Crow” was alive and well.
The “Brown” Supreme Court decision integrating public schools would not come until 1954.
2. Even though many AAs had distinguished themselves during WWII the armed forces would not be integrated until 1948.
3. A disproportionate percentage of MLB players were from the South and espoused all the values, attitudes and experiences of the region regarding AAs.  Most of them had never played ball with an AA.  Many had rarely even associated with one as peers.
4. The prevailing attitude among players, sportswriters, and fans was that AAs were not good enough and did not have the “temperament” to succeed in MLB.

Very few of us lived through that era, and consequently, we cannot imagine the circumstances Jackie had to overcome.

Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born on January 31, 1919 in Cairo, Georgia.  His parents chose his middle name in honor of President Teddy Roosevelt, who had recently died.  He was the youngest of five children.  One of his older brothers, Mack, would later earn some notoriety by winning the silver medal in the 100-meter dash in the 1936 Olympics, (the Games held in Berlin at which Jesse Owens embarrassed Adolph Hitler and the Nazis by winning four gold medals).

Jackie’s parents were sharecroppers and barely scraping by, so in 1920 they moved to Pasadena, California seeking a better life.  In high school and college Jackie excelled in five sports – baseball, basketball, football, track and tennis.  Basically, he was an all-around athlete who excelled in any sport he tried.  At UCLA he became the school’s first athlete to “letter” in four sports (all of the above except tennis).  One of his teammates on the 1939 UCLA football team was the future actor, Woody Strode, who would carve out a respectable career in movies as a “heavy.”  Ironically, statistically, at least, baseball was his worst sport of the four.

In 1941 Jackie left UCLA just shy of graduating to play semi-pro football, but in early 1942 he was drafted and stationed at Fort Riley in Texas.  He applied for admission to OCS. Initially, his application was rejected as few blacks were accepted at the time, but following a personal appeal from Joe Louis, the reigning heavyweight boxing champ, he was accepted.

Jackie’s tenure in the army was marred by one unfortunate incident in which his fiery temperament got him in trouble.  While riding on an Army bus one day the driver told him to move to the back.  Jackie refused.  As a result, he was nearly court-martialed for insubordination and other “trumped up” offenses.  A conviction would have changed the course of his life and, possibly, the country’s as well, but he was acquitted.

In 1945 Jackie signed to play for the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro Leagues. Unbeknownst to him, Branch Rickey, President of the Brooklyn Dodgers, was looking for a Negro to break the major leagues’ “color barrier,” which had been in place since the 1880s.  He had compiled a list of the best players in the Negro leagues and was evaluating them for suitability.  There were many players better than Jackie, notably Satchel Paige and Josh Gibson, but due to age, temperament and other factors, they were all eliminated in favor of Jackie.

Rickey knew the first AA player would have to “turn the other cheek” to a great deal of verbal, physical and emotional abuse.  Otherwise, it might be many more years before the next one got a chance.  When he told Jackie this, Jackie was shocked and replied: “Are you looking for a Negro who is afraid to fight back?” Rickey’s famous reply was that he was seeking a Negro “with guts enough not to fight back.”

To make a long story short, Rickey signed Jackie.  He played for the Montreal Royals, the Dodgers AAA minor league affiliate in the International League, in 1946.  He “tore up” the league, winning the MVP award.  The next year he made his debut in the major leagues.

To me, his debut was one of the most significant events not only in baseball history, but also in the country’s history.  There was tremendous resistance not only from other Dodgers, but from players on other teams as well.

Again, it is very hard for us to appreciate the level of abuse to which Jackie was subjected. Breaking into the major leagues is hard enough, physically. The added mental and emotional pressures Jackie and other AAs had to overcome was mind-boggling. Jackie had to endure a tremendous amount of prejudice and abuse both on and off the field (name calling, spiking, “beanings,” separate lodgings and restaurants on the road, etc.  Eventually, other AAs would join him in the majors. They had to overcome many of the same obstacles.  Some were unable to survive, but many more did.

Luckily, Dodger management was behind Jackie 100%.  When some Dodgers players threatened to quit, strike or demand a trade, the team’s manager, Leo Durocher, a fiery, no-nonsense person himself, nipped the rebellion in the bud.  He declared: “I do not care if the guy is yellow or black, or if he has stripes like a f****** zebra.  I’m the manager of this team, and I say he plays.”  Players on other teams also threatened to strike, but MLB Commissioner “Happy” Chandler quelled that rebellion quickly as well.

CONCLUSION

Rickey chose well with Jackie.  In baseball parlance, he “knocked it out of the park.”  Attendance soared and not just in Brooklyn but in every other city as well. Black people came in droves to see their hero, Jackie Robinson, play.  In those days, attendance was the primary source of ball clubs’ revenue, so Jackie made money for everyone.

Not only did Jackie “take” all the abuse without incident, he also starred on the field and became an integral part of one of the most storied teams in baseball history, the “Boys of Summer.”  In a ten-year period from 1947-1956 that team dominated the National League. It won six pennants, lost another in a playoff and lost another by one game.

Among Jackie’s many MLB accomplishments:

1. Rookie of the year in 1947 (the first one).
2. National League MVP in 1949.
3. Appeared in six World Series.
4. World champion in 1955.
5. First ballot hall of famer in 1962.
6. Member of the MLB All-Century team.

Jackie was an extremely versatile ballplayer. Although he came up as a second baseman, he also played first, third and the outfield.  Many times, he was among the league leaders in fielding at his position.  He was one of the best “clutch” players I have ever observed.  He could beat you with the bat, the glove or on the bases.  I have never seen a better baserunner or a tougher competitor.  When on base, he would drive the opposing pitcher crazy with his antics.  He was always a threat to steal a base.  I saw him steal home in the 1955 World Series.  When caught in a rundown he often escaped, which, generally, was a rarity.  His aggressive style of play was unique for the 1940s and 1950s.

As an example of his extremely competitive nature, one story will suffice.  In the decisive third game of the 1951 playoff with the NY Giants, when the Giants’ Bobby Thompson hit the pennant-winning home (dubbed: “The Shot Heard ‘Round the World”) all the Dodgers left the field immediately with their heads down in defeat.  All except for Jackie.  He watched and made sure that Thompson touched all the bases on his home run trot.  He would not accept defeat until Thompson had completed his circuit.

Jackie retired from baseball after the 1956 season worn down by age and diabetes, but he did not retire from life.  For example, he became very active in the civil rights movement; he became the first black to serve as vp of a major corporation (Chock Full O’Nuts); he went into broadcasting; and he acted in a movie of his own life story.

Conclusion

Ultimately, however, his fierce competitiveness could not overcome ill health.  Jackie died on October 24, 1972 at the relatively young age of 53 from complications of heart disease and diabetes.  I’m sure that all the stress he had to endure on the playing field also contributed to his early demise.

Jackie’s legacy, however, lives on.  There are countless statues, schools, parks and roads named in his honor.  Moreover, every time a black or other minority takes the field in the major leagues, the NFL or the NBA, he owes a debt to the pioneer who made it all possible.

Jackie’s story is recounted in the 2013 movie 42 starring Chadwick Boseman as Jackie, Nicole Beharie as Rachel, and Harrison Ford as Branch Rickey. I have seen it many times, and I recommend it. One can usually find it on tv at this time of the year.

So, tomorrow, while watching your favorite team in action take a moment to appreciate the special achievement of one Jack Roosevelt Robinson.

OPENING DAY

Today is March 28, and after a long winter of cold, rain, political, economic and social turmoil, and war today will mark the start of the full 2023 baseball season, aka OPENING DAY, with a full slate of games scheduled. Sports fans always look forward to OD. We know, sports are a healthy diversion, especially in difficult times such as now. Every team will be in action weather permitting.

Note, I am not counting the pre-opening day two-game series last week between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the San Diego Padres in Seoul, South Korea. I view that as a prelude to the real OD. MLB does not consider these “pre-openers” to mark the official start of the season either. It has always considered OD to be the first date when a full slate of games was scheduled. Got it? It should be noted that due to travel and time change, following those pre-openers both teams returned to play additional preseason games. Weird.

This was not the first time MLB has scheduled such games in foreign venues. Beginning in 1996 games, both pre-openers and in-season, have been played in foreign locales such as Sydney, Australia, Mexico City, Mexico and London, England, among others. Opening in these foreign locales may be inconvenient for the players, but MLB does it to broaden the exposure and appeal of the game. Indeed, MLB rosters are chock full of players from countries in the Caribbean, Central America, South America and Asia. According to MLB 28.5% of MLB players are foreign-born.

Typically, many early season (and late season) games are played in weather more suitable for football. Why? We know why – M O N E Y. If MLB persists in playing games in March, April and November why doesn’t it mandate domed stadiums in cold weather locales? Probably, too logical for the Lords of Baseball.

For many years, MLB had scheduled the very first game of the season in Cincinnati, usually on the first Monday in April, with a full slate of games the next day. This was in recognition of the fact that the Reds were the first professional baseball team. In fact, the Reds are the only team that has always been scheduled to play its first game at home. There have only been three years when they opened on the road – 1966, when the home opener was rained out and 1990 and 2022 when those seasons were delayed due to lockouts. The team was formed in 1869 as the Red Stockings. It has undergone various name changes and is now known as the “Reds.” Incidentally, for you trivia buffs, they went 65-0 that first year, the only perfect season in baseball history.

The National League was organized in 1876, and the American League in 1901. For many years there were 16 teams – eight teams in each league, all in the northeast, with no team being located west or south of St. Louis. With the advent of air travel in the late 1950s it became feasible to add franchises in other sectors of the country. Presently, there are 30 teams – 15 in each league.

Despite the often-inclement weather, OD holds a special meaning. Mention those words to any sports fan, and, immediately, he or she knows what it means, and to which sport it pertains. Not football, not basketball, not hockey. OD means that another season of Major League Baseball is beginning. Baseball fans look forward to OD every year. Local newspapers step up their coverage of the local team in anticipation. They send the beat writers to Spring Training to report on the local team. Many of them even print a daily countdown of the number of days remaining until OD. In addition, OD occurs in the Spring, a season that symbolizes a new beginning and one which most people anticipate every year.

Most fans will acknowledge that baseball is no longer the most popular sport. In fact, according to TV ratings, betting interest and most fan polls, football has superseded baseball. Perhaps, basketball has as well, particularly among younger fans. However, baseball, which has been played in the US in some form since the 1840s, is part of the social fabric of America.

Most men (and women) remember their first game of “catch” with their father and their first baseball game. For most it is a “rite of passage” as uniquely American as the flag. In fact, I have a more detailed recall of a World Series game I saw with my father in 1956 than I do of ballgames I saw last year.

Every fan is optimistic on OD. Every team starts with the same 0-0 record. None has lost a game yet. Every team still has a chance to make the playoffs (at least in theory), and as we have seen in recent years, once you make the playoffs anything can happen. For example, in 2016 the Chicago Cubs won it all for the first time since 1908. Think about that for a minute. That meant that, at the time, no Cubs fan, and virtually none of their fathers, had even been born the previous time the Cubs had won. In 2017 the Houston Astros won their first WS after having languished near the bottom of the league for many years.

Unlike other sports, very often the team with the best regular season record does not win the World Series or even get there. Even the best baseball teams generally lose about 40% of their games. If those losses come at the wrong time, it’s sayonara.

Eight wild card teams have actually won the World Series, most recently, the Texas Rangers, last year. Furthermore, in 2002 and 2014 both WS participants were wild cards (the Angels beat the Giants in 2002, and the Giants beat the Royals in 2014). Five teams – the Padres, Mariners, Brewers, Rays, and Rockies – have never won a WS, and the Mariners have never even appeared in one. The WS format has always been the best of seven games, EXCEPT for 1903, which was the first one, and 1919-1921 which were all the best of nine.

Many fans, and even some reporters, place undue emphasis on the opener, forgetting or ignoring the fact that the season consists of 162 games. To many fans, a win OD means the season will be outstanding; a loss means the team “stinks.”

Down through the years, OD has produced some memorable events, such as:

1. In 1907, the NY Giants, forerunner of the San Francisco Giants, forfeited the opener after rowdy fans began throwing snowballs at the players and umpires. There were not enough police on hand to restore order, so the umpires forfeited the game to the visiting Phillies.
2. In 1910 President Howard Taft became the first President to throw out the “first ball.” In 1950 President Truman threw out the “first pitch” twice, as a righty and a lefty. Over the years nearly every president has done so, and the practice has evolved from a perfunctory toss from the stands to a more elaborate ceremonial toss from the mound. Will we see President Biden follow tradition this year? Your guess is as good as mine. Can you imagine him doing the “wave?”
3. In 1940, Bob Feller of the Cleveland Indians, known as “Rapid Robert” because of his high velocity fast ball, threw the only OD day no-hitter in baseball history. As an aside, there were no radar guns in Feller’s Day, so one day some officials attempted to “time” his fastball by having him throw a pitch against a speeding motorcycle. Not very scientific.
4. In 1947 Jackie Robinson debuted for the Brooklyn Dodgers on OD becoming the first African American to play in the major leagues since the 19th Century.
5. In 1975 Frank Robinson became the first African American to manage in the Major Leagues. Later, he became the first AA manager to be “fired.”
6. In 1996, John McSherry, an umpire, suffered a fatal heart attack near home plate.
7. Early in the 20th Century teams would, on occasion, open with a doubleheader. Doubleheaders used to be quite common, particularly on Sundays and holidays. Now, they are rare, and when they do occur it is usually the result of adding an extra game to make up for a rain-out. The reason? Money, of course.
8. In 1946 Boston Braves fans attending the game got an unpleasant surprise. It seems that the Braves’ management had had the stands freshly painted, and the paint had not completely dried. Many fans got red paint all over their clothes. The embarrassed management issued a public apology and paid the fans’ cleaning bills.
9. Tom Seaver started the most openers – 16. Walter Johnson pitched the most OD shutouts – seven, including a 1-0 victory in which he pitched 15 innings. No chance of that happening today. Incidentally, Johnson had 110 career shutouts. Talk about unbreakable records!
10. In 1974 Henry Aaron clouted his 714th homerun tying Babe Ruth’s all-time record for career homers.
11. In 1968 Angels minor leaguer Greg Washburn became the only pitcher to appear in two OD games in the same year. Huh? How did he do that? First, he pitched the opener for the San Jose Bees of the California League and then for the Quad City Angels of the Midwest League. (He won both games 2-0).

12. Some of the individual OD records we may see broken today are most home runs (3), most hits (5) most RBIs (7) and most strikeouts (15). Maybe, we will see another no-hitter, although the way the game is played today any no-hitter would be a group effort.

Last year MLB instituted various rules changes, which were designed to increase the appeal of the games to fans by enhancing the action on the field, decreasing the length of games, and increasing the pace, which had often slowed to a crawl. In 1980 the average game took two hours and 33 minutes; in 2022 the average game had increased to three hours and six minutes. These changes had the desired effect at least with respect to reducing the length of games. Last year the average length was only two hours and forty-two minutes.

MLB has instituted a few minor rules tweaks this year:

  1. the time allotted to release the next pitch with a runner on base will be reduced from 20 seconds to 18.
  2. The runner’s lane between home plate and first base has been widened.
  3. The number of mound visits in a game has generally been reduced from five to four.
  4. The “ghost ” runner rule has been made permanent for regular season games.

CONCLUSION

As I said, weather is often an issue on OD, especially in the northern cities where it is not unusual to have cold, damp, rainy weather in early April that is more suitable for football than baseball. It reminds me of one of the major criticisms of baseball, that the season is too long. We all know the reason – tv money. The owners like it, because it makes them rich and less dependent on attendance for revenues. The players tolerate it, because it helps fuel their astronomic salaries. As for the fans, well, they will just have to grin and bear it.

Hall of Fame pitcher, Early Wynn sagaciously summed up the essence of OD thusly: “An opener is not like any other game. You have that anxiety to get off to a good start, for yourself and for the team. You know that when you win the first one you can’t lose them all.” Joe DiMaggio, always looked forward to OD. He felt “you think something wonderful is going to happen.” Finally, I am reminded of that renowned philosopher Yogi Berra, who could turn a phrase with the best of them, who is reputed to have said: “A home opener is always exciting, no matter if it’s home or on the road.”

So, which teams will reach the World Series? Which team will win? According to FanDuel Sportsbook the favorites are the Dodgers and Braves in the NL and the Astros and Yankees in the AL. Good choices. Can’t fault them, although watch out for the Orioles. I, of course, will root for the Dodgers. In any event, it’s a long season, and anything can happen. I think the TV networks would like to see a Dodgers-Yankees World Series. I think that would generate the most interest and the highest TV ratings. They used to meet on what seemed like a regular basis back in the 1950s, but they have not met since 1981.

What is your favorite OD memory? Please share.

SUPER BOWL LVIII

On Sunday, February 11 a goodly portion of Americans will enjoy the NFL Championship game, aka the Super Bowl. This will be SBLVIII. For those of you that are Roman Numeral challenged, that’s # 58. The viewing audience will include not only serious football fans, but also casual fans who typically only watch the SB and perhaps a few other games throughout the year, as well as people who know next to nothing about football but who are drawn to the spectacle. These fans enjoy the halftime show and, believe it or not, the commercials. 

The SB annually attracts a huge TV audience. According to Wikipedia the seven most viewed broadcasts in American history are all SBs. The SB creates a “coattail effect” with respect to other network programming. Typically, the network broadcasting the SB will use it as a “lead-in” to new shows. For example, this year following the SB CBS will introduce us to a new show starring Justin Hartley (This Is Us) called Tracker, for which it has high expectations.

As always, it’s fun to test your knowledge of the SB with a little quiz, so here goes. You know the drill. No peeking at the internet. No consulting Siri or Alexa. 

  1. The first SB took place in (a) 1964; (b) 1965; (c) 1966; (d) 1967.
  2. The two franchises with the most SB wins are the Patriots and (a) Steelers; (b) Cowboys; Giants; (d) 49ers.
  3. Each of the following franchises has never appeared in a SB EXCEPT: (a) Jaguars; (b) Lions; (c) Browns; (d) Bengals.
  4. According to Wikipedia the SB is the second largest food consumption day behind (a) Christmas; (b) New Years Eve; (c) July 4th; (d) Thanksgiving.
  5. The winning percentage of teams scoring first is (a) 60%; (b) 68%; (c) 75%; (d) 80%
  6. Who won the first SB? (a) Vikings; (b) Cowboys; (c) Raiders; (d) Packers.
  7. Who scored the first touchdown? (a) Paul Hornung; (b) Max McGee; (c) Len Dawson; (d) Willie Wood
  8. Which city has hosted the most SBs? (a) Miami; (b) LA; (c) New Orleans; (d) Dallas
  9. Tom Brady has won the most SBs (7). What player is next? (a) Terry Bradshaw; (b) Joe Montana; (c) Charles Haley (5); (d) Roger Staubach
  10. What player has won the most consecutive SBs? (a) Tom Brady; (b) Ken Norton, Jr.; (c) Troy Aikman; (d) Richard Seymour
  11. Which field goal kicker has the most game-winning kicks? (a) Jim O’Brien; (b) Jan Stenerud; (c) Steve Gostkowski; (d) Adam Vinatieri
  12. The name SB was derived from (a) a book; (b) a child’s toy; (c) vote by fans; (d) a comic strip.
  13. Who made the famous “helmet catch?” (a) Mario Manningham; (b) David Tyree; (c) Plaxico Burriss; (d) Randy Moss
  14. Who was the only player from a losing team to win the MVP? (a) Chuck Howley; (b) Lawrence Taylor; (c) Jim Kelly; (d) Chuck Foreman
  15. Who won the only SB decided by one point? (a) Patriots; (b) Rams; (c) 49ers; (d) Giants.
  16. Who will be the featured performer at this year’s halftime show? (a) Taylor Swift; (b) Lady Gaga; (c) Usher; (d) Bruce Springsteen
  17. Which team lost SBs in four consecutive years? (a Cowboys; (b) Bills; (c) Vikings; (d) Chiefs
  18. Each of the following teams is undefeated in SBs EXCEPT: (a) Ravens; (b) Bucs; (c) Packers; (d) Jets.
  19. Which team has played in four SBs and never held the lead? (a) Vikings; (b) Bills; (c) Raiders; (d) Dolphins
  20. Who was the first QB to win the SB with two different teams? (a) Tom Brady; (b) Bart Starr; (c) Jim Plunkett; (d) Peyton Manning (Colts & Broncos)

Answers: (1) d; (2) a; (3) d; (4) d;(5) b; (6) d; (7) b; (8) (a); (9) c; (10) b (3); (11) d (2); 12. b; (13) b; (14) a; (15) d [{20-19 over the Bills (“wide right”)]; (16) c; (17) b; (18) c; (19) a; (20) d.

Well, there you have it. Good luck. Let me know how you did.

Finally, something to ponder. How many times will CBS show Taylor Swift? And will Jason Kelce be wearing a shirt?