THIS MONTH IN HISTORY – DECEMBER

Many historically-significant events have occurred during the month of December. Below please find what I consider the most significant:

12/1/1955 – Rosa Parks was arrested in Montgomery, AL for refusing to surrender her seat on a bus to a white man. This action precipitated a year-long bus boycott and many other protests against segregation led by the Reverend Martin Luther King, among others, and was what many consider the seminal event for the civil rights movement.
12/2/1804 – Napoleon Bonaparte was crowned Emperor of France by Pope Pius VII.
12/2/1823 – President James Monroe articulated the “Monroe Doctrine,” which, essentially, forbad any further colonization of the Western Hemisphere by any European power, and which became a key element of the US’s foreign policy prospectively.
12/2/1954 – The Senate condemned Senator Joseph McCarthy for misconduct, effectively ending his irresponsible communist witch-hunt.
12/3/1967 – Dr. Christiaan Barnard performed the first successful heart transplant in Cape Town, South Africa.
12/6/1492 – Christopher Columbus “discovered” the “New World,” landing at the Caribbean island of Hispaniola.
12/6/1865 – The 13th Amendment to the US Constitution, which abolished slavery, was ratified.
12/6/1973 – Gerald Ford was sworn in as vice president replacing Spiro Agnew who had been forced to resign following his pleading “no contest” to charges of income tax evasion.
12/7/1787 – Delaware became the first state to ratify the US constitution.
12/7/1941 – Japan perpetrated a surprise attack of the US naval base at Pearl Harbor destroying the US Pacific Fleet and precipitating the US’s entry into WWII. FDR called it a “date that will live in infamy,” and it has.
12/10/1896 – Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel died. In his will he stipulated that a committee of the Norwegian Parliament award from his estate annual prizes (valued at approximately $1 million) for Peace, Chemistry, Physics, Medicine, Literature and Economics.
12/11/1901 – Guglielmo Marconi transmitted the first transatlantic radio signal.
12/11/1936 – King Edward VIII abdicated the English throne in order to marry American divorcee Wallis Simpson.
12/13/1642 – Dutch navigator Abel Tasman discovered New Zealand.
12/14/1799 – George Washington died at Mt. Vernon.
12/14/1911 – Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen became the first person to reach the South Pole.
12/15/1791 – Virginia became the 11th state to ratify the Bill of Rights making it an official part of the Constitution. (Ratification of an amendment to the Constitution requires 75% of the states, and Vermont had become the 14th state. The three holdouts were Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Georgia, which did not ratify it until 1939.)
12/15/1961 – Notorious Nazi SS Colonel Adolph Eichmann was sentenced to death in Jerusalem for his role in the Holocaust during WWII.
12/16/1773 – A group of Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded British ships anchored in Boston Harbor and dumped 300+ containers of tea overboard as a protest to what they viewed as an unjust tax on the product. This became known as the Boston Tea Party and was a part of the chain of events that culminated in the American Revolutionary War.
12/17/1903 – The Wright Brothers – Wilbur and Orville – made the first successful airplane flight at Kitty Hawk, NC.
12/19/1946 – War broke out in what was then called French-Indochina. Eventually, the French were ousted, and the US got drawn into war in Vietnam, which did not end well for us.
12/20/1860 – South Carolina became the first state to secede from the Union. Over the next few months ten other states followed, and the Civil War ensued.
12/21/1846 – Dr. Robert Liston was the first surgeon to use anesthesia (in a leg amputation in London).
12/21/1945 – General George Patton, aka “Old Blood and Guts,” died from injuries suffered in a car accident in Germany. Some historians have postulated that the accident was intentional, but this has never been proven.
12/23/1947 – The transistor was invented at Bell Laboratories.
12/25 – Christmas Day when Christians commemorate the birth of Christ.
12/25/1776 – George Washington led a small contingent of Colonial troops across the Delaware River from Valley Forge, PA to Trenton, NJ in the dead of night, where they surprised and defeated a substantially larger contingent of Hessian mercenaries. This daring and famous victory provided a major boost to the flagging revolutionary war effort.
12/26 – Boxing Day is celebrated in the UK, Canada, and various other countries that, formerly, were part of the British Empire. It has nothing to do with pugilism. Most likely, it has evolved from the 18th Century English custom of giving a “Christmas box” containing gifts, such as food or clothes, to servants and tradesmen as a reward for good service throughout the year.
12/26 – 1/1 – Kwanza, an African – American holiday established in 1966, is observed. It celebrates family unity and a bountiful harvest. The word means “first fruit” in Swahili.
12/29/1890 – The US cavalry massacred in excess of 200 Sioux Indians at Wounded Knee, SD., which became a symbol of the white man’s brutality to Native Americans.
12/31/1781 – The Bank of New York became the first bank to receive a federal charter. It commenced business on January 7, 1782, in Philadelphia.
12/31/1879 – Inventor Thomas Edison first demonstrated the incandescent lamp (light bulb) at his lab in NJ.
12/31 – New Year’s Eve is celebrated throughout the world.

Birthdays – Charles Stuart, American portrait painter (of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, among others), 12/3/1755; Joseph Conrad, Polish novelist, 12/3/1857; Martin Van Buren, 8th President, 12/5/1782; General George Armstrong Custer, 12/5/1839; Walt Disney; 12/5/1901; Ira Gershwin (wrote several hit songs for “Broadway” shows), 12/6/1896; Eli Whitney (cotton gin), 12/8/1765; Clarence Birdseye (invented process for freezing foods), 12/9/1886; Emily Dickenson (poet), 12/10/1830; Melville Louis Kossuth Dewey (invented Dewey decimal system used to categorize books in libraries), 12/10/1851; NYC Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia,12/11/1882; John Jay (first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court), 12/12/1745; General James Doolittle (led audacious bombing raid on Tokyo during WWII), 12/14/1896; Alexandre Eifel (Eifel Tower), 12/15/1832; Ludwig van Beethoven (composer), 12/16/1770; George Santayana (philosopher) (“Those who cannot remember the past are doomed to repeat it.”), 12/16/1863; Wily Brandt (Chancellor of West Germany), 12/18/1913; Harvey Firestone (Firestone Tire and Rubber), 12/20/1868; Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvli, aka Josef Stalin, 12/21/1879; Claudia Alta Taylor, aka “Lady Bird Johnson,” 12/22/1912; Japanese WWII Emperor Hirohito, 12/23/1901; Christopher “Kit” Carson, frontiersman, 12/24/1809; Howard Hughes, 12/24/1905; Isaac Newton (theory of gravity), 12/25/1642; Clara Barton (nurse who founded American Red Cross), 12/25/1821; Humphrey Bogart, 12/25/1899; Mao Tse Tung, 12/26/1893; Louis Pasteur (pasteurization process), 12/27/1822; (Thomas) Woodrow Wilson, 28th President, 12/28/1856; Andrew Johnson (17th president, first to be impeached), 12/29/1808; Pablo Casals (cellist), 12/28/1876; Rudyard Kipling (poet, wrote Jungle Book), 12/30/1865; Hideki Tojo (Japanese WWII Prime Minister), 12/30/1884; General George C. Marshall (Army Chief of Staff, WWII), 12/31/1880.

NO ONE IS ABOVE THE LAW…EXCEPT THE BIDENS

All politicians lie, obfuscate, exaggerate, and omit certain information. Otherwise, they would never win an election. Most of us are cognizant of this and accept it. We may not like it, but we accept it.

Some examples to illustrate my point: (1) FDR and his aides hid his polio from the public. (2) JFK hid a plethora of diseases. Despite his slim, athletic-looking physique and skill at sports such, as sailing and golf, he suffered from a variety of health issues, including spinal problems, osteoporosis, and Addisons’ disease, which damaged his adrenal glands and caused fatigue, digestive difficulties, low blood pressure, severe allergies and urinary tract infections. In fact, he was probably one of the unhealthiest presidents. (3) LBJ continually disseminated false and incomplete information regarding the Vietnam War. (4) During his campaign Bush the elder famously asserted “read my lips. No new taxes.” Of course, once in office he did just that. (5) Bush the younger dragged us into the war with Iraq based on the “certainty” that Saddam Hussein possessed “weapons of mass destruction.” Such weapons were never found and probably never existed. (6) Most politicians engage in questionable deals with people seeking favor or influence.

Yes, we are aware and accept a certain amount of the foregoing. We may not like it, but we regard it as a “cost of doing business,” if you will.

However, the Bidens have taken these activities to a whole new level. They have been aided and abetted by a biased mainstream media for the past nine years. Moreover, they have benefited from a huge legal double standard. Those of us who get our news from legitimate sources such as Fox News have been aware of this. The “Kool-Aid drinkers” among us have probably not been and may still deny it. At this point, the mountain of proof of their corruption is evident to all those who care to look. I could write an entire book about this, and someday someone will likely do so. But for purposes of this blog, below please find just the highlights or, rather, the lowlights.

Trump was not supposed to win the 2016 election. Supposedly, it was Hillary Clinton’s “turn.” The Washington insiders had it all planned out. Clinton would serve two terms, continue the Obama-Clinton agenda, and then hand it over to another Dem Party politician. When Trump declared his candidacy, most of us were shocked and skeptical. Few people took him seriously. We figured he was on a lark and would soon get tired of the process and withdraw. He fooled everyone. He dominated a crowded and weak GOP field, won the nomination, and then, shockingly, upset Clinton in a very close election. Suddenly, the entrenched “deep staters” panicked. Trump was a “wild card,” a “fly in the ointment,”, a “monkey in the wrench” who could not be controlled. He had pledged to “drain the swamp.” They feared that he would. He was a threat to the entrenched, powerful “deep staters.” He had to be thwarted.

We all know what happened next. In an effort to besmirch his character and hinder his presidency Trump’s enemies conjured up a series of “crimes.” Some of them included the “Russia hoax” and “dossier,” the mischaracterization of the phone call to Ukrainian officials, the FISA warrants, calling him a “fascist,” “Hitler,” and a “threat to democracy,” and the two impeachment trials, among many others. Their goal was to damage his reputation, foil his presidency and/or get him out of office. As we know, eventually they succeeded. In 2020 Trump lost to Biden in a close election,

When he declared for the 2024 election their plan was to prevent him from winning at all costs. First, they sought to keep him off the ballot in some states. When that failed, they conjured up criminal cases. As a convicted felon they figured he would be incarcerated or, if not, so severely damaged that he would lose the election. They subjected Trump to such an unending spiel of hateful rhetoric that some deranged person shot him and came within a hair of assassinating him.

As justification for attacking a sitting president and later a former president seeking re-election, they continually spouted the mantra “no one is above the law.” How many times have we heard that from Dems over the last several years? Incidentally, now that Trump has won the election isn’t it funny how all these criminal cases have withered away?

Meanwhile, the Bidens were and still are involved in a plethora of illegal activities including bribery, corruption, influencing-peddling, human trafficking, and possibly espionage. Much of the evidence has been hidden or destroyed, so we are unaware of the depths of their crimes. Likely, we will never know everything, but what we do know is bad enough. Again, there is way too much to discuss in a simple 1,500-word blog. If you doubt me, I suggest you follow the late Casey Stengel’s advice and “look it up.”

There is ample evidence that Hunter Biden has been the point-man for these activities. In addition, there is ample evidence that Joe Biden has been deeply involved. The whole point of these schemes was to sell access to Biden first as VP then as President. Like the mafia capos he, the “big guy,” has been getting a “taste” of every deal. Moreover, it appears that other Biden family members may also be involved.

The media has protected the Bidens. They have not pursued these stories, most notably Hunter’s infamous laptop and “pay for play” deals and Joe’s Biden’s declining cognitive abilities. During the 2020 election they denigrated the contents of the laptop as “Russian disinformation.” The cash payments to Hunter were swept under the rug. The media aided and abetted Biden’s campaign strategy of avoiding the public as much as possible. Had those matters been made public Trump would likely have won the election.

And now, we come to the current Biden-family malfeasance – THE PARDON. I will stipulate that all presidents issue pardons as is their right under the Constitution. However, the scope of Hunter’s is unprecedented and excessive. Most pardons are issued to convicted persons who have already served some or all of their sentence. Hunter’s covers not only the tax fraud and gun convictions that we know about, crimes for which he has pled guilty but not yet served a day in prison, but also any and all crimes between 2014 and 2025 that he may have committed. Basically, it is an unlimited get-out-of- jail-free card. So much for “no one is above the law.”

Before the election Joe had continually asserted that he would not pardon Hunter. Many of us knew better. It was a virtual certainty that he would do so. So, the announcement did not surprise us, although the scope of it did. I would not be surprised if he issues pardons to other family members and cohorts as well as himself before he leaves office. His intent is to bury all of his family’s prior nefarious activities, and that would be the only way to do it.

Donators and other supporters who believed in Joe were shocked, disillusioned and even despondent. Even the DOJ was reported to have been surprised. They all had taken Biden at his word. CA Governor, and Presidential hopeful, Gavin Newsome, who has consistently supported Joe, told reporters “I’m disappointed, and I cannot support the [pardon].” The outspoken James Carvill, who has been brutally honest about the ill-advised direction of the Dem Party, in general, and the 2024 campaign, in particular, was irate. He railed that “Biden’s delusional self-belief, mendacity and corruption [have] wrecked the country and now, on his way out the door, [he’s] wrecked his party.” He added, “it’s hard to see his extraordinarily broad pardon for his son and the lies he told about it as anything but self-preservation.” I couldn’t have said it better myself.

Many donors and other supporters, who apparently believed his denials, felt betrayed, not just by the pardon but also by the campaign’s missing $2.5 billion. No one seems to know where it went, or if they do, they are not saying. Many of them, particularly the myriad of small donors, feel they were “ripped off.” The Party has some repair work to do there.

As justification, Joe claimed Hunter, being the President’s son, was “singled [out]” for harsher treatment. Most people recognize that as an outlandish lie. In fact, the opposite has been true. Merrick Garland, the president’s own AG has had hands-on involvement in the case. In addition, the DOJ has bent over backwards to protect the family and otherwise impede the IRS’ investigation. It has consistently blocked any evidence that could have led to Joe’s involvement. Furthermore, it slow-walked the prosecution of some of the more egregious crimes to allow the statute of limitations to lapse.

In their testimony under oath Joe Ziegler and Gary Shipley, the two IRS whistleblowers, disclosed that they had produced “mountains” of evidence that Special Council David Weiss failed to follow up on. Furthermore, there have been numerous similar cases where ordinary citizens without Hunter’s connections have been penalized to the full extent of the law.

Mark Scarsi, the federal judge who was about to sentence Hunter, also scoffed at Joe’s claim and strongly criticized the pardon. He commented that “the Constitution provides the president with broad authority to grant reprieves and pardons …. but nowhere does [it] give the President the authority to rewrite history.” Finally, Scarsi denoted that “11 different Article III judges appointed by six different presidents, including [Joe], [have] considered and rejected the defendant’s claims [of harsher treatment].”

CONCLUSION

Based on the evidence that has come to light Joe’s corruption and influence peddling can be traced back to his years as VP and, quite possibly, to his time as a Senator. He once described himself as “the poorest man in Congress.” Recently, Forbes valued his net worth at $10 million. Not bad for someone who has lived exclusively on a public servant’s salary for 50+ years.

The revelations of the past several years have shattered Joe’s reputation as an honest politician who was a champion of the working class (“Joe Sixpack”). According to columnist Michael Goodwin writing in the NY Post these revelations of family-wide influence peddling “proves” that “he’s been corrupt for decades.” Goodwin added that “those who refused to consider the possibility that Joe personally profited from the $20 million foreign sources paid his son and brother [despite having no useful experience or expertise] … simply refused to see the evidence.”

His pardoning of Hunter was the crowning touch of the demise of his reputation. In my view, the problem was not the pardon, itself. It can be argued that he was within his rights to pardon his son. Rather, it was the extent of it (11 years encompassing acts for which Hunter had not even been accused) and the fact that Joe continually lied about it. As I said, many of his allies and supporters had believed his denials, and they were shattered and disappointed. At the moment, Joe’s standing within the Dem Party and indeed the country as a whole has sunken to a new low. As I said, in my opinion Hunter’s pardon is only the beginning. I expect Joe to pardon any and all others who were complicit, both family and non-family.

In the words of pollster Nate Silver Joe has been unmasked as a “selfish and senile old man.” Longtime chief of staff Ted Kaufman once labeled him as “an equal-opportunity disappointer.” In my opinion, the extent of his corruptness rivals that of any other president in history. We may never know the true extent of it.

At some point, Trump will undoubtedly issue pardons to certain people whom he feels have been imprisoned unjustly. The Dems will howl, but they will have no basis for complaining. Now anything goes with respect to presidential pardons. Biden has established the precedent.

A DATE IN INFAMY

Saturday, December 7, will mark the 83rd anniversary of one of the most heinous, despicable acts in modern history – Japan’s sneak attack on Pearl Harbor.  In 1994 Congress designated December 7 as Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day as a way to remember and pay homage to the 2,400 US military and civilian personnel who were killed and 1,800 wounded in the attack.  The day is not a federal holiday, but flags are flown at half-mast and many organizations hold special ceremonies.   

Each year thousands of people flock to the Pearl Harbor National Memorial and Visitors’ Center to pay their respects. For many years thousands of survivors made the journey to honor their fallen comrades. At the present time it is estimated that there are only a few dozen survivors still alive, and most of them are too old and infirmed to attend.

The 83rd commemoration is scheduled to commence at 6:55 am Honolulu time, the exact time of the commencement of the attack, following a moment of silence. Various ceremonies are scheduled most of which will be livestreamed. Highlights will include ceremonies at USS Arizona, USS Utah, and USS Oklahoma cites, a parade, and the Blackened Canteen Ceremony.

Appropriately, the theme of the parade will be “remembering our past while celebrating that once bitter enemies can become friends and allies.” In point of fact, that accurately characterizes the relationship between the US and Japan for the last 80 years or more.

The annual “Blackened Canteen Ceremony” takes place aboard the Arizona Memorial. The canteen is a relic of an air raid conducted by the US over Shizuoka, Japan in 1945. Afterwards, a local farmer found a blackened canteen amid the wreckage, and the canteen has become part of the annual PH Day Remembrance. US and Japanese survivors will gather on the Arizona, say a silent prayer, and pour whiskey out of a canteen into the water to pay homage to those who were killed in the attack.

As President FDR forecast, December 7, 1941 is truly a date that has lived in infamy.  It is one of those dates we can never forget.  It is burned into our very souls. Mention that date to a person of a certain age and their reaction will be akin to later generations’ reaction to November 22, 1963 or September 11, 2001.  Most any person over the age of five on those dates remembers where he was, what he was doing and how he felt when he heard the news.  Those are dates that had a profound effect on our lives both individually and collectively.

On December 6, 1941 America was still working its way out of the Great Depression, which began in 1929 with the stock market crash.  Unemployment was at 9.9%, not good, but a significant improvement from the peak of 25% in 1932.  Americans were not thinking about war.  After all, we had just fought the “Great War,” (aka, the “War to End Wars”).  Sure, there was a war waging in Europe, but we were not involved directly.  We had no boots on the ground, and we had a vast ocean between us and them.  Most Americans were focused on their own lives, not on world events. America was in full isolationist mode.  All that was about to change suddenly, violently, tragically and irrevocably.

We all know what happened on December 7, 1941.  We know that the Japanese executed a devastating surprise attack on our naval base at Pearl Harbor that precipitated our involvement in WWII.  Approximately, 2,800 lives were lost, civilian as well as military, along with most of our Pacific Fleet and airplanes.  America switched immediately from peacetime mode to wartime mode.  Patriotism and nationalism abounded.  The “greatest generation” was on the march.

As we all know, America recovered to win the war after four years of intense and costly fighting.  There is no need for me to rehash those events.  The Pacific War has been the subject of numerous books, movies, and tv productions.  The central theme of this blog will focus on the events that led up to the war with Japan.

Every war has its immediate cause and its underlying causes. The attack on Pearl Harbor was the immediate cause. But, what were the underlying causes? What would make Japan start a war that it had virtually no chance of winning? Glad you asked. Read on.

Many, if not most, historians maintain that the US actually provoked Japan into starting the war, although we did not intend for them to devastate our naval fleet in the fashion they did.  During the 1930’s we took various actions that, in reality, left Japan no choice, to wit:

1. The US was providing assistance to the Chinese who were at war with Japan.  This included providing airplane pilots, armaments and other supplies and materials. Japan had been at war with China since the 1930’s.  Its extreme brutality was exemplified by the Nanking Massacre, aka the Rape of Nanking, which began in December 1937.  In a six-week period over 300,000 Chinese civilians were murdered, and there was widespread raping and looting.  This shocking brutality was a portent of the Pacific War.

2. Along with the British and the Dutch the US military was actively planning prospective military operations against the Japanese in the Far East to counter its aggression.

3. Japan had few natural resources of its own; it needed to import raw materials, such as coal, iron, oil, rubber and bauxite, from the US and other countries in Southeast Asia to fuel its burgeoning industries.  In the late 1930’s the US began to severely limit its access to these materials by enforcing sanctions, limits and embargoes.  This aided the British and the Dutch, who were concerned about Japan’s aggressive behavior in the Far East, but ultimately it provoked the Japanese.

4. Thus, one can view the attack on Pearl Harbor, not as an isolated event, but rather, as the last act in a long line of connected ones.

Many historians believe that FDR provoked Japan intentionally, because he wanted to go to war against the Axis Powers, and the American people were decidedly against doing so. Before you scoff at that notion, consider that we have fought other wars following provocations that may or may not have been fabricated. For example:

1. The Spanish-American War in 1898 began when the battleship, Maine was blown up in Havana harbor under mysterious circumstances. 75% of her crew were killed. “Remember the Maine” became the signature battle cry of that war.  There is evidence that suggests that the Maine was not blown up by the Spanish but may have blown up by accident or been sabotaged to provide a pretext for us to enter that war.

2. The legal basis for commencing the Vietnam War was the Gulf of Tonkin incidents of August 2 and 4, 1964. A US destroyer, the USS Maddox, exchanged fire with North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf, which is off the coast of Vietnam. As a result, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which authorized President Johnson to assist any Southeast Asian country that was being jeopardized by “communist aggression.”  Johnson was only too eager to do so.  It was later determined that some key facts, such as who fired first, are in dispute.

3. President Bush, 43, “sold” the Iraq War to the American people by asserting there was “proof” that Iraq possessed “weapons of mass destruction.” Such weapons have never been found.

So, if FDR did, in fact, goad Japan into attacking us so that we could enter the war against the Axis Powers, it would not have been the only time the US Government used that tactic. In the 1950’s the renowned historian Harry Elmer Barnes (who, ironically, later lost much of his credibility by becoming a vociferous denier of the Holocaust) published a series of essays describing the various ways in which the US Government goaded the Japanese into starting a war it could not win and manipulated American public opinion.  After the war, Secretary of War Henry Stimson admitted that “we needed the Japanese to commit the first overt act.”

Most historians agree that even the Japanese leadership in the 1930’s knew it could not win a prolonged war with the US. They realized that the US was vastly superior in terms of men, material and resources, and eventually, it would wear down the Japanese.  That, in fact, is precisely what happened.

In 1941 the die was cast when a more militant, nationalistic government came into power headed by Emperor Hirohito and Prime Minister Hideki Tojo.  They spent several months planning the pre-emptive strike. In his best selling book, “Killing the Rising Sun,” Bill O’Reilly denoted that the Japanese sought to imbed spies into the Hawaiian civilian population to gather intelligence.  O’Reilly quoted one senior officer who found out that his Japanese gardener was actually a colonel in the Japanese army.

Many historians believe that the Japanese hierarchy was emboldened, in part, by the successful surprise attack on the Russians in 1905 led by then-Admiral Tojo during the Russo-Japanese War. It had worked once; why not again? Their intention was to neutralize American naval power in the Pacific so that it would be unable to block Japan’s aggression in Southeast Asia. They determined that Sunday would be the best day of the week to attack. They also weighed the advantages and disadvantages of attacking the fleet in the harbor or at sea before settling on the attack in the harbor. Although the battleships were “sitting ducks” in the more shallow harbor, Admiral Chester Nimitz pointed out later that one crucial advantage to the US was that we were able to raze several of them later and return them to active duty.

Despite its years of provocations, the US was ill-prepared for an attack. In addition, we had failed to confront the Japanese directly earlier when they could have been dealt with more easily. So, instead of fighting a small war in the 1930s we ended up fighting a world war just a few years later.

One could argue that there were strong parallels between then and our more recent history with respect to various terrorist groups operating in the Middle East and elsewhere. Once again, we have failed to deal with these problems when they were manageable; once again most of the country has been very reluctant to get involved in “other people’s problems (Afghanistan, Syria and Iraq);” and, we are now embroiled in the more costly aftermath (conflicts, refugees, and a likely nuclear-capable Iran).  History, when ignored, does tend to repeat itself.

CONCLUSION

Ultimately, the Japanese underestimated the US. Their leaders knew we were in isolationist mode. They did not think we had the “stomach” to fight a prolonged, brutal war.  Also, they knew we would be fighting the Germans and Italians as well. Furthermore, they figured that with our Pacific Fleet decimated, if not destroyed, we would be unable or unwilling to counter their aggression in the Far East.  The Far East was their end game for reasons discussed above; they were not interested in attacking the US mainland, although much of the US civilian population feared that they would.

Obviously, the Japanese misjudged us.  They were not the first enemy to do so, and, in all likelihood, they will not be the last.

As an aside, following the devastating attack on Pearl Harbor no one suggested that the US refrain from going all-out to defend itself, to retaliate with full force. Moreover, if anyone had done so we wouldn’t have listened anyway. A nation’s right to retaliate is well established and incontestable. History is replete with instances in which a country that was attacked retaliated against its attackers. On the other hand, I am not cognizant of ANY situation, other than the current one with Israel, in which restraint was advocated. Think about that.