ROSALYNN CARTER

Most people knew her solely as First Lady of the US during her husband, Jimmy’s, presidency. But that did her a big disservice. As you will see, she was much more than that.

Eleanor Rosalynn Smith was born in Plains, Georgia on August 18, 1927. She was the oldest of four children. The family was poor, and both of Rosalynn’s parents had to work multiple jobs to make ends meet. Her father worked as an auto mechanic, a bus driver and a farmer. Her mother worked as a teacher, postal worker and dressmaker. Later in life Rosalynn reflected that she and her siblings were not aware of their status because although they did not have much “neither did anyone else [they knew].”

To exacerbate their dire financial situation Rosealynn’s father died when she was just 13. As she put it, this marked the “conclusion of her childhood.” As the oldest she was obligated to help raise her younger siblings and help her mom in her dressmaking business. Normally, this type of situation results in a life of poverty and struggles. However, Rosalynn was determined to graduate high school and college, which had been her father’s dream for her. She was Salutatorian of her high school class and graduated from Georgia Southwestern College in 1946. Rosalynn credited her mother for inspiring her to achieve these goals and also to become an independent person. Often, she would tell her “you can do what you have to do.”

Rosalynn and Jimmy began dating in 1945 while he was home on leave from the Naval Academy. Their families were acquainted, not so unusual in a small town like Plains. She said she had first been attracted to him when she saw him in his naval uniform. After the first date Jimmy told his mother “she’s the girl I want to marry.” They were married the next year. They had four children – three boys and one girl. Rosalynn became friendly with Jimmy’s sister who was only two years younger than her but not so much with his mother.

Jimmy commenced his political career in 1962 when he ran for and was elected to the Georgia State Senate. He became Governor of Georgia in 1966, and in 1976 he defeated Gerald Ford for the presidency. Rosalynn was there every step of the way as supporter, advisor and confidant. She was an integral part of each campaign.

Rosalynn was not a typical First Lady. For instance, she was the first First Lady to maintain her own office in the East Wing of the White House. For you trivia buffs, her Secret Service code name was “Dancer.” She combined a genteel, soft, even fragile exterior with a hard, “tough as nails” interior. Naturally, she became known affectionately as the “Steel Magnolia” or “Iron Butterfly.”

Every First Lady has a pet project or two that they focus on. She set the tone for her tenure in her very first interview as First Lady in March 1977. She announced that her focus would be on mental health issues. Her strong feeling was that “every person who needs mental health care [should be] able to receive it close to his home, and [we must\remove the stigma from mental health care so people will be free to talk about it and seek help. It’s been taboo for so long to admit you had a mental health problem.” In particular she abhorred movies and television shows that often portrayed mentally ill persons as violent and prone to crime. She denoted that they were, in fact, more likely to be victims than perpetrators.

She served as honorary chairperson on the President’s Commission on Mental Health, and in 1980 she testified before Congress in support of the Mental Health System Bill, which had been enacted in 1980. She was only the second First Lady to do so (after Eleanor Roosevelt). In addition, she was sensitive to the plight of caregivers and gave several speeches that highlighted their issues and concerns.

Rosalynn wielded a great deal of influence, more than most First Ladies. She and Jimmy often worked as a team. Jimmy valued her opinion and advice. Jimmy maintained that “Rosalynn was my equal partner in everything I accomplished. She gave me wise guidance and encouragement when I needed it. As long as Rosalynn was in the world, I always knew somebody loved and supported me.” She would often attend Jimmy’s meetings (at his suggestion) as an observer. She would listen, learn and take notes. Later, they would discuss matters, although the president maintained that he always acted on his own decisions. Sometimes she would meet with officials, even leaders, as his representative. For example, she served as an envoy to Latin America in 1977. At one point, Time magazine described her as “the second most powerful person in the US.”

Even as First Lady Rosalynn never forgot her roots. One example of her frugality was that she wore the same gown to the presidential inaugural balls that she had worn to the Georgia governor inaugural balls six years earlier.

Rosalynn was a popular First Lady. At one point she was voted, along with Mother Teresa, as the most admired woman in the world. She maintained her favorability even as President Carter’s popularity began to wane.

CONCLUSION

Jimmy’s presidency was not very popular. In particular he was severely criticized for his handling of the Iran hostage crisis. He lost his re-election bid to Ronald Reagan in 1980. Rosalynn became bitter over Jimmy’s loss. She resented Reagan and told interviewer Mike Wallace he was “ruining the country.” Nevertheless, she offered that she had enjoyed her time in DC. Regarding DC she said, “I loved living here and being so close to the seat of power, being a part of the political system.”

Eventually, she found her niche, and she and Jimmy led a very active and productive post-presidency life. For example, she co-founded the Carter Center, a private not-for-profit enterprise based in Atlanta. The goal of the CC was to advance human rights and alleviate human suffering. For instance, the CC helped broker a peace deal in the Middle East and built homes in Chicago for the poor.

Rosalynn became an author. She wrote five books including an autobiography. In addition, she received various awards and honorariums, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which she shared with Jimmy.

In May 2023 she developed dementia and entered hospice care with Jimmy at their home. She passed away on August 18 at the age of 96. At the time of her death she was the second-longest-lived First Lady, surpassed only by Bess Truman (97). Moreover, she was the longest married First Lady (77 years).

Tributes have been pouring in. For example: President Biden called her “a champion for equal rights and opportunities for women and girls; an advocate for mental health and wellness for every person and a supporter of the often unseen and uncompensated caregivers of our children, aging loved ones and people with disabilities.” Former President George W. Bush characterized her as “a woman of dignity and strength.”

Rest in peace Rosalynn. You will be sorely missed.